Sonnet 146 Essay Example

Sonnet 146 Essay Sonnet 146 is well known for its deeply intriguing religious aspect, as it is one of Shakespeare’s religious sonnets and almost the only religious one. It is religious as its tone mentions its concern with heaven, asceticism and also the progress of the soul all through out the sonnet. The idea that the poet was trying to convey to his audience is that the body exists at the expense of the soul, so that adorning or worrying about its beauty can only be accomplished at the souls expense. The poem is an internal monologue, which makes it first person point of view. This helps the audience understand that he is talking to himself and whom he is talking about. This sonnet can also be referred to as mediation between the soul and the body relationship. The imagery in the first line ‘my sinful earth’ stands out as it has a stronger tone with iambic pentameter, which causes ‘my’ to have an emphasised tone. The sentence then reflects the image of us, as it is our responsibility to keep this earth well. With the use of Shakespears imagery throughout the sonnet, he did a good job on structuring the poem so that we can understand the basis of our life and then moves onto more religious aspects of the sonnet. Sound is also a technique used in the poem to slow down the pace. In line 11 ‘buy terms divine in selling hours of dross’, sounds smooth because of the slight consonance sound of ‘s’ and makes this line sound serious and gloomy. Throughout the sonnet the speaker is continuously asking himself questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 146 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 146 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 146 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This affected myself as when I was reading the poem it started to make me think about all the rhetorical questions. Is this really life? The poets use of rhetorical questions through out the sonnet is quite redeeming as he asks his soul why it allows itself to suffer for the sake of its ‘sinful earth’. In line 7 of the sonnet the poet questions his soul’s expenditure on bodily ‘excess’ knowing that it will all go to the worms in the end anyway. The most important metaphor in this poem is the beginning line ‘poor soul the centre of my sinful earth’, where earth represents the place we live in. The words poor and sinful are both negative. We can understand through this negative tone that the poet or the ‘earth’ in this sonnet is a bad place and we then link ‘sinful’ to ungodliness, which is what the whole poem is about. Another example of metaphor used in this poem is found in the second quatrain; ‘fading mansion’ which is used the represent our body. This metaphor explains that our souls are slowly dying and becoming very dull and fading as we do not live our lives like we are suppose to, according to the poet. In line 13 ‘so shalt thou feed on death’, gives us the audience a thought that we must constantly be thinking about death and also as a part of human nature we ponder about life. In other words, for this metaphor, we as humans feed on death, which in turns feeds on us. ‘Why so large a cost, having so short a lease’ this ‘lease’ refers to life, which is short as we as humans are not immortal. This metaphor asks why we as humans put so much effort into life when death comes so quickly. Closing couplet: The metaphor from the 3rd quatrain is continued and expanded in the closing couplet. It finishes from the 1st quatrain of the starving person within the mansion and then turns into irony of the idea that death feeds on humans. And in the last lines, ‘death’ and ‘dying’ are words used as imagery to describe and give us the final image of eternal life. Shakespeare, with the use of vivid imagery, makes us understand that we as humans cannot live forever. What we do to ourselves will also not last forever and eventually it will become dull. The metaphors in this sonnet helps how we think about ourselves as humans, though we are civilised we still tend to neglect morals and we will always have flaws in life. When I read through this, I cant help but question myself about my existence here in the world and what will happen when we eventually do pass on. With the use of these rhetorical questions it does get the audience questioning themselves and really interacts with the reader and Shakespeare has done this very well. He shows us that we make the best use of our time and work on our soul instead of our external self and with the use of his language techniques; Shakespeare can clearly demonstrate this point to the readers.

Definition and Examples of Received Pronunciation

Definition and Examples of Received Pronunciation Received pronunciation, commonly abbreviated as RP, is a once prestigious variety of British English spoken without an identifiable regional dialect. It is also known as  British Received Pronunciation, BBC English, the Queens English, and posh accent.  Standard British English  is sometimes used as a synonym.  The term  received pronunciation  was introduced and described by  phonetician  Alexander Ellis in his book Early English Pronunciation  (1869). History of the Dialect Received Pronunciation is only around 200 years old, said linguist David Crystal. It emerged towards the end of the 18th century as an upper-class accent, and soon became the voice of the public schools, the civil service, and the British Empire (Daily Mail, October 3, 2014).   Author Kathryn LaBouff gives some background in her tome, Singing and Communicating in English: It was standard practice until the 1950s for university students to adjust their regional accents to be closer to RP. RP was traditionally used on stage, for  public speaking, and by the well-educated. In the 1950s, RP was used by the BBC as a broadcast standard and was referred to as BBC English. Since the 1970s, the BBC label has been dropped and RP has slowly been more inclusive of regional influences throughout the United Kingdom. By the turn of the twenty-first century RP was spoken by only 3 percent of the population. Today BBC broadcasters do not use Received Pronunciation, which actually today now sounds out of place; they use a neutralized version of their own regional accents that is intelligible to all listeners.  (Oxford University Press, 2007) Characteristics of RP Not every dialect in Britain has a pronounced h sound, which is one difference between them, among differences in vowels.  The prestige British accent known as received pronunciation (RP) pronounces  h  at the beginning of words, as in  hurt, and avoids it in such words as  arm. Cockney speakers do the reverse;  I urt my harm, explained David Crystal.  Most English accents around the world pronounce words like  car  and  heart  with an audible  r; RP is one of the few accents which does not. In RP, words like  bath  are pronounced with a long  a (bahth); up north in England it is a short a. Dialect variations mainly affect the  vowels  of a language.  (Think on My Words: Exploring Shakespeares Language. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Prestige and Backlash Having a dialect or manner of speaking  associated with different classes is called a  social dialect. Having esteem or social value to a manner of speaking is called linguistic  prestige. The flip side of that coin is called accent prejudice. In Talking Proper: The Rise and Fall of the English Accent as a Social Symbol, author Lynda Mugglestone wrote, Adoptive RP, a common feature of the past, is in this sense increasingly a rarity in modern language use as many speakers reject the premise that it is this accent alone which is the key to success. Reversing the polarities still further, RP... has regularly been deployed for those roundly depicted as villains in, for example, Disneys films The Lion King and Tarzan. (Oxford University Press, 2007) Afua Hirsch wrote in  The Guardian  about the backlash in Ghana: [A] backlash is growing against the old mentality of equating a British accent with prestige. Now the practice has a new acronym, LAFA, or locally acquired foreign accent, and attracts derision rather than praise.In the past we have seen people in Ghana try to mimic the Queens English, speaking in a way that doesnt sound natural. They think it sounds prestigious, but frankly it sounds like they are overdoing it, said Professor Kofi Agyekum, head of linguistics at the University of Ghana.There has been a significant change now, away from those who think sounding English is prestigious, towards those who value being multilingual, who would never neglect our mother tongues, and who are happy to sound Ghanaian when we speak English. (Ghana Calls an End to Tyrannical Reign of the Queens English. April 10, 2012)

The Haunted House (1859) by Charles Dickens

The Haunted House (1859) by Charles Dickens The Haunted House (1859) by Charles Dickens is actually a compilation work, with contributions from Hesba  Stretton, George Augustus Sala, Adelaide Anne Procter,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Wilkie Collins, and Elizabeth Gaskell.  Each writer, including Dickens, writes one â€Å"chapter† of the tale.  The premise is that a group of people has come to a well-known haunted house to stay for a period of time, experience whatever supernatural elements might be there to experience, then regroup at the end of their stay to share their stories.  Each author represents a specific person within the tale and, while the genre is supposed to be that of the ghost story, most of the individual pieces fall flat of that.  The conclusion, too, is saccharine and unnecessary- it reminds the reader that, though we came for ghost stories, what we leave with is  a mirthful  Christmas story. The Guests Because this is a compilation of separate short stories, one would not expect much character growth and development (short stories are, after all, more about the theme/event/plot than they are about the characters).  Still, because they were interconnected via the primary story (a group of folks coming together to the same house), there could have been at least a bit of time spent developing those guests, so as to better understand the stories they ultimately told.  Gaskell’s story, being the longest, did allow for some characterization and what was done, was done well.  The characters remain generally flat throughout, but they are recognizable characters- a mother who would act like a mother, a father who acts like a father, etc.  Still, when coming to this collection, it cannot be for its interesting characters because they just are not very interesting (and this could be even more acceptable if the stories themselves were thrilling ghost stories because then there i s something else to entertain and occupy the reader, but †¦).    The Authors Dickens, Gaskell, and Collins are clearly the masters here, but in my opinion Dickens was in fact outshone by the other two in this one.  Dickens’s portions read too much like someone trying to write a thriller but not quite knowing how (it felt like someone mimicking  Edgar Allan Poe- getting the general mechanics right, but not quite being Poe).  Gaskell’s piece is the longest, and her narrative brilliance- use of dialect in particular- are clear.  Collins has the best paced and most appropriately toned prose.  Salas’s writing seemed pompous, arrogant, and long-winded; it was funny, at times, but a bit too self-serving.  The inclusion of Procter’s verse added a nice element to the overall scheme, and a nice break from the various competing proses.  The verse itself was haunting and reminded me quite a bit of the pace and scheme of Poe’s â€Å"The Raven.†Ã‚  Stretton’s short piece was perhaps the most enjoyable, because it was so well-written and more intricately layered than the rest.   Dickens himself was reportedly underwhelmed and disappointed by his peers’ contributions to this serial  Christmas tale.  His hope was that each of the authors would put into print a certain fear or terror particular to each of them, as Dickens’s story did.  The â€Å"haunting,† then, would be something personal and, while not necessarily supernatural, could still be understandably frightening.  Like Dickens, the reader may be disappointed with the end-result of this ambition. For Dickens, the fear was in revisiting his impoverished youth, the death of his father and the dread of never escaping the â€Å"ghost of [his] own childhood.†Ã‚  Gaskell’s story revolved around betrayal by blood- the loss of a child and lover to the darker elements of humanity, which is understandably frightening in its way.  Sala’s story was a dream within a dream within a dream, but while the dream could have been unnerving, there seemed little that was truly frightening about it, supernatural or otherwise.  Wilkie Collins’s story is the one in this compilation which could actually be considered a â€Å"suspense† or â€Å"thriller† story.  Hesba Stretton’s story, too, while not necessarily scary, is romantic, somewhat suspenseful, and well-accomplished overall.   When considering the group of tales in this compilation, it is Stretton’s which leaves me wanting to read more of her work.  Ultimately, though it is called The Haunted House, this compilation of ghost stories is not really a ‘Halloween’-type read.  If one reads this collection as a study of these individual writers, their thoughts, and what they considered haunting, then it is quite interesting.  But as a ghost story, it is no extraordinary achievement,  possibly because Dickens (and presumably the other writers) was a skeptic and found the popular interest in the supernatural rather silly.

Investigative Report Writing. Randy Odleman Murder Investigation Term Paper

Investigative Report Writing. Randy Odleman Murder Investigation - Term Paper Example The victim was laying face down already dead by the time we located the body. However, we did not locate the murder weapon. The deceased had a criminal record from 2 years ago – for the Possession of a Controlled Substance with Intent to Manufacture, Sell, or Deliver – and another charge of Assault on a Female victim one year ago. III. Witness Statements: The only witness we found was one, Bob Smith of Maiden Lane, Raleigh who also tipped us about the commission of the crime. In his recorded statement, he explained that he lived across the street – directly, from the rooming house where the crime had occurred. He further stated that he had been home alone, reading a book when he heard several shots thus notifying the Raleigh Police Department. He stated that the rooming house had many visitors, late in the night, who drive up and enter the premises for a short period of time then leave. Further, he stated that he had called our station in the past be - because he had suspected that someone in the rooming house may have been dealing in drugs. He also stated that he was not aware of any other person, who might have witnessed the crime, but suggested that the inhabitants of the rooming house might have witnessed the same. In addition he stated that he was aware that the deceased had assaulted a certain woman leading to his arrest , prosecution, conviction and sentencing. IV. Suspect Statement: We were able to identify four suspects in relation to this murder case, and here are the Questionnaires as filled by each of them: Murder Investigation Suspect Statement Name: Ronald Wilkens   Ã‚  Position: student at NCSU   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Date: 18th February, 2012 Worksite: N/A   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Murder Date: 17th February, 2012   Ã‚  Time: about 11: 54 PM Thank you for helping us in examining this incident so that we can help prevent anyone from getting murdered in the future. Accuracy is very important in helping us get to the root cause of this murder. The information you give will be used against you in a court of law, should face prosecution. Please describe what you saw and heard in a chronological order. What were you doing just before the incident? I was just out riding to unwind after a long month of sitting for exams. Wha t were you doing when the incident occurred? I had just entered into Maiden Lane, Raleigh when I heard gunshots and a lot of commotion. What did you do after the incident occurred? I panicked and decided to take off, when you bumped into me and started interrogating me. Please answer the following questions: Was it your first time to be in the vicinity of the crime scene? Not really, I once visited a relative who used to reside here, who has, since relocated to Miami. Did you know the deceased? What sort of relationship did you share? I did not know the deceased and thus no relationship existed between us Did you have any personal differences with the deceased? No, I had never – even seen him. When was the last time you saw the deceased? I never did Have you ever been to the deceased’s place of residence? No, never. Did you ever engage in any business ventures with the deceased? No, not at all. I certify that this statement is true and accurate to the best of my recoll ection. RW   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18th February, 2012 Signature Date Murder Investigat

Macro Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Macro - Assignment Example Voluntary, is when people do not work because they feel better off unemployed. Conversely, involuntary unemployment people are generally unable to find jobs despite having the knowledge and skills needed. This issue is important because its costs are essentially borne by the society. These costs are mainly: the national income is less than the potential due to output. As a result of this, the government loses tax revenue. With Lower national output, other employees lose additional wages that they might have earned. Firms also lose a lot of revenue as they could have engaged more staff (Macpherson, 2012). Additionally, with unemployment levels on the rise crimes and violence also rise in society. At college, a lot of money is spent on; tuition, books, transport, board, room, clothing and recreation. It is quite expensive to pay and maintain a student through college education. Therefore, the opportunity cost of doing a degree course is very expensive. The money that one pays from the stat to the end of a college degree is much. The standards of living of a student are higher even if one gets out of school after school with nothing (Macpherson, 2012). College education has some benefits these are; the salary received by college graduate is much higher than that of a non-graduate. A college graduate also gains skills that are useful in any job. An individual will also be able to socialize well with people in society. The benefits of a college degree are worth the opportunity cost, this is because of the skills and the knowledge one would have gained at the end. It is a must to go to college for a career path and also it tends to provide flexibility (Macpherson, 2012). College graduates earn a higher income and this is an indication that they differ from those who did not go to college. It’s may believe that college adds importance, not only to an individual but also to the

Prominent Island Destinations In The World Tourism Essay

Prominent Island Destinations In The World Tourism Essay The word Island means pieces of any sub-continental land surrounded by water. Keys or cays are another word used for very small islands or islets. Eyot is the named referred to islands that are located in rivers and lakes. An archipelago is the name given for groups of geographically and geologically related islands. Island and continents differs in terms of their natural environments, natural resources, and biodiversity. It also differs in terms of the type of biological support system, response to environmental changes, and the ability to recover from natural or ecological disasters. As mentioned earlier, islands differ from mainland continents in terms of biodiversity. This can be seen from the odd collection of flora and fauna, which sometimes cannot be seen elsewhere. Islands are categorized into two types in terms of geological formation, namely Oceanic and Continental, Oceanic islands being the ones which arise from the surface of the ocean whether by volcanic activity or coralline accumulation of sand and debris, Continental Islands are in contrary a part of the continental shelf which is separated from the main continent by water, these types of islands Importance of islands as a tourism destination Many of the island destinations are economically underdeveloped, and rich from natural unspoiled attractions, therefore making it an important asset in the global tourism market. Due to their small size and limited resources, these destinations faces special challenges and obstacle in fulfilling economic benefit to the islands and its people. Sustainable management and appropriate development of these natural and environmental resources, in terms of tourism proves beneficial to the resident or host community. Tourism plays a dominant role in the economic well-being of islands. Tourism earnings account for a significant proportion in their GDP, and they have an overwhelming reliance on tourism as a source of exports. The fundamental aim of tourism development in Islands is to increase foreign exchange earnings to finance imports. The large proportion of what is being earned through tourism leaves the economy almost instantaneously. In Island, tourism facilities are mostly enclave developments, and their effects on the domestic economy can sometimes be limited. Tourism is an industry where careful planning is required so that it can be developed with the intention of sustaining it for the long term besides minimizing environmental damage. Tourism development has contributed to economic development in many of these Islands, but may not last forever. Island Mean (1980-2000) Pop. (mills) Mean 2000 Pop. (mills) Surface Area (km2) GDP per capita (000 US$) GDP per capita (000 US$) Bahamas 0.26 13.1 0.30 13.9 10,010 Cyprus 0.60 10.0 0.76 14.1 9,240 Dominican 0.07 3.4 0.07 3.4 750 Haiti 6.54 0.5 7.96 0.4 27,560 Jamaica 2.40 1.7 2.63 1.8 10,830 Malta 0.37 7.0 0.39 10.2 320 Prominent island destinations as per continental regions Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent after Asia, covering 6% of the Earths total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area. The population of Africa roughly accounts to a billion people in 61 territories; it is about 14.72% of the worlds human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent has 54 sovereign states Pemba, Tanzania Score: 67 Pemba is located in the Indian Ocean where it meets the eastern coast of Africa. It is an island forming part of the Zanzibar archipelago. It lies 50 kilometers east of mainland Tanzania. It is also known as Al Jazeera Al Khadra (the green island, in Arabic. Majority of the island consist of hills and are much more fertile compared to Zanzibar. Most of the land is dominated by small scale farming by the locals, and fewer large scale farming which produce huge revenue to the locals. The most abandoned cash producing crop is cloves; there are over 3 million clove trees in Pemba. Largest portion of export earnings also comes from cloves. Besides cloves the locals also produce rice, coconut, bananas ¸ cassava and red beans. Laidback, old- fashioned island and less developed compared to Zanzibar. Pemba is a magnificent Island with naturally unspoiled environment and culturally very intact. But it has limited beaches, and has a lot of mangrove vegetation. Fine reefs for diving, but lacks fish due to dynamiting. Pemba is also well-known for its rich fishing grounds, due to high marine biodiversity. Between the island and the mainland of Tanzania, there is the deep 20 miles wide Pemba channel, which is one of the most commercial fishing grounds for game fishing on the East African coast. Pemba is growing familiar as one of the leading island destinations in Africa due to its unique dive sites, with steep drop-offs, untouched coral and very abundant marine life. As mentioned earlier the strong cultural base also provides a sole experience of old and laid back town life. The population consists of Swahili Muslim society in mostly rural small towns. There are few tourist lodges located near the beaches, mostly high-end, and generally cut off from main roads and towns. For budget travelers there are other small guest houses/hotels of very low standard. Besides the outstanding beauty and unspoiled nature of Pemba, a concern arises about management of these attractions. There should be sustainable development to preserve the unspoiled beaches and diving spots. Sà £o Tomà © and Prà ­ncipe, Score: 66 Sao Tomeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ and Principe, is officially known as Democratic Republic of Sao Tomeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ and Principe. It is a Portuguese-speaking island nation located in western equator of the coast of Africa, alongside the Gulf of Guinea. Sao Tome and Principe consists of two islands which are called, Sao Tomeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ and Principe, located about 140 kilometers apart and about 250 and 225 kilometers respectively, off the northwestern coast of Gabon. Due to the small population, Sao Tome and Principe is also known as the two smallest countries in African in term of population size. Both of the islands are a part of an extinct volcanic range, which is known as Cameroon Volcanic Mountain Range. The islands experience tropical climate at sea level, with an average yearly temperatures of about 27 degrees C and not more than 32 degrees C. With raising altitude the temperature decreased to average yearly temperature is 20 degree Celsius, with usually cooler night weather. Annual rainfall changes from southwestern slopes to in the northern lowlands of these two islands. It is recorded that the rainy season starts usually from October and continues up to May. Sao Tome and Principe has a very high-potential destination for both natural and cultural resources. They have astonishingly untouched natural environment; with a touch of interesting culture and history. Sao Tome and Principe do not have a huge array of native animals, besides the Sao Tomeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ is known for a few endemic species such as Shrew and several bat species. The two islands are habitat to a variety of endemic flora and fauns. The two islands contain the worlds largest sunbird also known as the Giant Sunbird, Fiscal and also known for several giant species of Begonia. These flora and fauna cannot be found elsewhere making it uniquely different from other mainland continents. Nevertheless there are great threats including mass tourism developments, unsustainability and very weak o r corrupt management of government policies and environmental protection that will protect the endemic species and unspoiled natural environment. Mediterranean islands The Mediterranean Sea separates Europe and Africa. The land enclosed from east to west about 4000 km. Mediterranean Sea plays very important for trading and business hub back in history and today most of the neighboring countries are tourist attractions. Most of the countries had its own uniqueness and quality of history to share to the world. Many Civilizations starts here including Greek Empire, Roman Empire and also Turkey. The tourist industry in Mediterranean is one of the highly developed in the world. Most of the income generated from Tourism industry. Resorts, Hotels, Restaurant, tourist attraction and also historical places is one of the major reason tourist visited Mediterranean countries. In Mediterranean regions, Tourism brings huge economic benefits however; increasing the number of visitors can damage the environment. The sea is part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as completely separate body of water. Mediterranean covers area of 2.5 million Km (970 000 sq mi) but its connected to the Atlantic is only 14 km (8.7 mi) wide. The maximum depth of Mediterranean region is 5,267 m (17,280 ft, The Mediterranean sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean at the Strait of Gibraltar, and it is linked to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean (by the Suez Canal), and the Black Sea (at the Dardanelles and Sea of Marmara). The main subdivisions of the Mediterranean Sea are the Adriatic, Aegean, Ionian, and Tyrrhenian seas which collectively form a coastline extending 46,000km, which runs through 22 countries, it is important to mention that this area is highly polluted. Countries neighboring Mediterranean, Turkey France Egypt Tunisia Spain Albania Italy Lebanon Greece Montenegro Libya Malta Monaco Syria Israel Croatia Morocco Algeria Slovenia Cyprus Bosnia Herzogovenia Ukraine Jordan Saudi Arabia Hydra Island, Greece Hydra Island is located between the Saronic and Argolis Gulf. It is in the center of town of the whole island, is built architecturally around the port. Hydra Island is a second smaller island sitting offshore on the east coast from the main island. Hydra Island is also known as cosmopolitan and magnificent island combined which offers tranquility and relaxation, in addition the island offers entertainment all day long and intensive night life. The fact that Hydra has a unique beauty in its architecture and its landscape, taken together with its proximity to Athens and its important historical interest, have gradually raised the island to the level of an international tourist center. The discovery of Hydra Island is by group of artists such as Leonard Cohen and Axel Jensen. Hydra Island also famous of its historical role during the Greek Revolution. Apart from the historical side, beach area is the most famous attraction with unique atmosphere. There is a lot of activity tourist can do in Hydra Island such as beaches activity, architecture, museums, villages shopping, churches, and festivals. A good example of a small island that preserves local heritage and fisherman activities. It appeals mainly to those who want to discover the traditional and authentic essence of the Greek way of life. Continually under the onslaught of tourists. It has weathered these pressures in a proactive manner and remains competitive. Hydra takes preservation seriously and has maintained a village scale and architectural forms that feel very authentic. Since no cars are allowed, the island has retained its original streetscape. Easy to access by ferry from Piraeus, so its tremendously popular and has a thriving nightlife. Most of the hotels are small, thankfully. South America South America is the southern continent of America. It is situated in the western hemisphere and mostly in the southern hemisphere with relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. The geography of South America contains many diverse regions and climates. The South American continent also includes various islands, most of which belong to the countries on the continent. South America nations that border the Caribbean Sea including Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. Chiloe, Chile The Chiloà ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ archipelago is surrounded by a pristine seascape, which is further enhanced by preserved and protected Valdivian forests and a number of historic towns and wooden churches, in which 16 of them are inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List, relatively rural and unspoiled, several historic fishing villages are also present. Accommodation are also available however, they are mostly small hotels or bed-and-breakfast properties. Architectural structure and style are rich with mythological animals and spirits. The design consists its own meaning and very pure back then. Most of the tourists enjoy visiting Chiloe because of its uniqueness. Chiloe is the second largest island in South America. Local markets produces are mackerel, sardines and anchovies used to feed farmed salmon are dangerously overdrawn. Last and foremost, the Chiloe Island is proud to be its own, historical, sandy beaches and received high number of tourist every year especially for honeymooners or couples. North and Western Europe islands Although unknown for tourism, these islands provide an excellent tourism retreat, however, falling under European constitution and supervision these islands had a chance to be sustainably developed so as to meet the tourists expectations as well as provide a development opportunity for the natives of these islands, as these islands are located above 38 longitudinal degrees north of the equator, providing an ice cold weather and lower number of tourists, thus preventing it from the problem of mass tourism, however, Cruise tourists growth in some of these islands might threaten the natural habitat from the mass tourism problem, below are too examples of these islands; Azores Islands, Portugal. Consisting of nine main islands and maintaining a rate of 84 according to the National Geographic islands rating, the Azores islands are located in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, 600 KM from Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, the islands history involves sporadic settling of over 200 years, as each of the nine islands provide a unique example of culture, dialect, cuisine and traditions considerably varying from island to another. The main industries of the islands are: agriculture, dairy farming (for cheese and butter products primarily), minor livestock ranching, fishing and tourism, which is becoming the major service activity in the region. Apart from that, the government of the Azores is responsible for employing a large percentage of population directly or indirectly in many aspects of the service and tertiary sectors. Being it a non- beach destination as opposed to most of the islands of the world, it is not susceptible to mass tourism, the temperate climate in this island hinders the flow of the tourists, however, it offer the visitor a wonderful scenery of green volcanic mountains and picturesque towns which remain unspoiled. Cultural richness, remoteness and Whale sighting can be considered the highlights for the islands to offer for the visitor. Iceland An island nation located in the North Atlantic, this island is rated at 80 according to National Geographic islands of the world rating. The island known for its vibrant and yet extreme natural conditions has constructed to its development towards benefiting from tourism at its best, although the main economy dependency of Iceland is fishing and agriculture, tourism is highly regarded as a source of economy, the increase in ecotourism concept and the abundance of natural resources has contributed to the growth of these practices, such as whale watching and glacier tours which can be found in a few countries worldwide. Iceland can be considered as a captive of bad luck economically, as it was hardly hit by the world economic crisis in 2008-2009, an unfortunate eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in Iceland happened in March 20th 2010, causing unprecedented ash clouds extending all over Europe and causing a total halt to the airline industry in the whole of Western Europe for a whole week. Although the Island is expected to take a slower pace to recover economically, the image of this country as an eco-friendly island has yet to be enhanced, as several acts supported by the government has angried several environmentalist, these practices include; the allowing of commercial whaling in 2006 and the erection of Aluminium smelters and hydropower systems. Iceland still remains the frame in which the natural phenomenons occur in, such as glaciers, aurora , volcanoes and whale sighting, these natural occurrences can simultaneously be observed by the tourists which in return provides the basic demand for the tourism sector in the country, this offers a historic modern approach of selling the island as a tourism destination. North American Islands Mostly concentrated in two countries namely; United States of America and Canada, most of them are considered as major domestic tourism attractions than international ones, these islands are dispersed on the east and the west side of the North American continent, making its proximity to the mainland America as the main contributor in the tourism numbers, the average rating of the North American islands are 61.1 on National Geographic islands rating, which categorizes it into an island of moderate trouble, as its advantages and disadvantages are almost equal, to give a clearer picture we have chosen the below two examples; 1. Mackinac Island,  Michigan, US. Located in mainland America, in Lake Huron, and Scoring an 80 points rank in National Geographic scale, the island can be described as a seasonal destination with an ecological basis for tourism development, the summer is known to be the highest season of tourists arrivals. The island which falls under the state of Michigan, USA, has been identified as a National Historic Landmark, as it is known for various events during the year, its ban on motor vehicles, and its status as a preserved state park, these elements offer a the visitor an authentic back in time journey, as the tourists can experience the zero motorized vehicles ban since 1898 and use bicycles or horse drawn carriages as the main mode of transportation. The preservation and containing of the historical aspects of the island has provided a unique and safe haven for tourism development, as the activities are purposely slow, so as to maintain and choose the benefits sought for the preservation of the island. Although Mackinac Island is sustainably developed, it is a fragile environment, as the mass tourists arriving in the summertime stress the transportation infrastructure and causes substantial changes to the historic fiber of the destination, these weaknesses can be regulated by issuing laws so as to preserve and protect the fragile island. Santa Catalina Island, California Score: 74 Located 35 Km from off the coast of California, Catalina is rated 74 in the National geographic islands rating, is a perfect example of a sustainably developed island. The island hosts a variety of tourism infrastructure, although 70% of the total area in the island is under conservation. The limited and controlled development of the island has led it to be sustainable, as the community there which consists of about 3696 people is heavily dependent on tourism. The famous endeavors of filming industry has left a mark on the island as 8 Bisons have been left on the island in 1924, this has produced a herd of almost 200 free roaming wildebeests. The scenic landscape of the island has been used over and over in several shootings, and the world class champion golfer Tiger Woods has also won his first competition on this island, this offers a historic modern approach of selling the island as a tourism destination. Eastern and Southeast Asia Knocking out every inch of the globe particularly in economy, politics and society and located in the Eastern and northern hemisphere, primary continent that 8.6% coated out the surface with roughly 60% of the human population, a distinct island, Asia is well known for 2 of the popular regions, Southeast and Eastern Asia (Wikipedia 2010). Giving the media exposure, Asia is steadily and rapidly growing to be one of the emerging tourist destinations that provide different geography features, climates, facilities and services from tourist native background. Nowadays, due to the climate changes and rapid development in chasing up the tourist needs and satisfaction level, the growth may have threatened not only the people, but the landscape and scenery as well, following are two islands examples: Bali, Indonesia Indonesia is recognized as one of the most densely inhabited country with comprising of an approximately 17,508 islands that has been one of significant exchange business in the last century. With the diversification of natural resources, culture, ethics, language, and religion, Indonesia become center of attraction for the worlds second highest level of biodiversity. One of the countrys 33 states, Bali, is one of Indonesia prominent island (besides Java Island) that is being recognized for its arts, dance, sculpture, painting, metalworking and music (Wikipedia, 2010). Situated at the Lesser Sunda Islands, Bali or Heavens world is also known for its picturesque and magical scenery of natural resources in particular mountains, flora and fauna as well as beaches too. However, due to rampant commercialism, bali, mainly Kuta and Nusa Dua, is rapidly changes and develop to meet up and boosting up their countrys revenue which also lead to higher demand of labor. The island beautiful coral reefs and mangroves being destroyed and bleach by locals for profits. Besides that, branding of merchandize affected the lifestyle of the locals as a result, higher social ill occurs. Even though the country main attraction is being one of the sustainable tourism, the landscapes are being degraded by the mass growth. Nevertheless, the breathtaking and astonishing features and phenomena such as volcanoes, sightseeing, beaches and the culture will still mesmerized the tourist thus increasing the tourist arrival. Country such as Malaysia is supporting such event whereby the low cost airlines, Air Asia, has implemented budgeted fees to fly there. Jeju (Cheju), South Korea Korea is known for one of the region of Eastern Asia and was formally unified as one state until 1948, the nation divided into 2 region, namely South Korea (Republic of Korea) and North Korea (Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea). With two different politic views and markets with South Korea review as free market and democratic while North Korea are more to industrial economy with limited intervention from outsider. Approximately 3000 islands in South Korea and some of the small and deserted islands located at the western and southern coasts (Wikipedia 2010). Made out from volcano eruptions million years ago and the largest island in Korea, Jeju is one of the attractive yet famous tourist destinations in Korea mostly to Asian country. Jeju Island went into a drastic transition from unfamiliar island to renowned due to the explosion of Korea famous drama Winter Sonata and Hallyu wave. Overwhelming setting and panoramic view of Jeju attracted the viewers thus increasing the arrivals i n Korea. In addition, Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes has being listed as one of the World heritage Site in Korea (Wikipedia, 2010). Mountain Hallasan National Park natural features uniqueness were once unspoiled are now destroyed and tainted due to the heavy commercialization. Awareness being arose to rescue and preserve remaining species as it has been recorded a number of 1, 565 plant species spreading vastly throughout the mountain (Wikipedia, 2010). Furthermore, rampant development from the government in complementing with the tourism industry by offering well known facilities and attraction such as Spa, dining, clubs and so on are being perceived negatively and misleading the tourist real attention to know local cultural. Islands of the Indian Ocean The islands of the Indian Ocean are a varied collection, including many of the smallest territories and one of the largest island nations (Madagascar).With its unique wildlife and culture, is located just off the coast of Africa. Seychelles 115 islands spread over a contract Indian Ocean, the Seychelles archipelago is more than 16000KM from the African cost. The Seychelles islands distance from the continent on the fact they are somewhat spread out have made them an isolated paradise, known as Sea of crystalline high purity, and soft white sand guarded by palm trees, overshadowed by the curved, to give the elegance and magnificence of this scene is rarely found in the world. These islands are organized in the south of the equator and is characterized by tropical climate warm all year round, making it a tourist attraction highly distinguished and all the islands of the Seychelles is a world in itself, and are distinguished from others, and left in your mind the memory of different and special flavor, but the common denominator among them, is that it offers you and invites you to experience it. The capital Victoria is located in the island of  «Mahe » the largest, it is the second largest island in terms of area and population of the Seychelles 80 000 people, and this number is less, compared with the number of turtles, which is about 150 thousand, and this country is safe and the rate of crime is almost non-existent . Mauritius The island of Mauritius Land of Smiles and sugar, known for its magical beaches and the most important tourist destination in the depth of the Indian Ocean with an area of 1865 square kilometers. First discovered the island is the Arabs in the tenth century AD, but did not settle. And then came to her Portuguese explorers in the fifteenth century, but also did not settle .And finally settled by the Dutch and opened under the name of Mauritius in the late sixteenth century .And then left for the Dutch Frenchmen in the early eighteenth century, and remained colony for 100 years and then France ceded the island to Britain in 1814.So that the island became a British colony that gained independence in 1968 Mauritius. Most of population of Indian origin came to them with the French and English for the cultivation of Indian cane. Tourism is the most important source parallel with agriculture, particularly sugar, which is famous for Mauritius. Mauritius is one of the most important tourist destinations of the World politicians, businessmen and celebrities because they provide privacy and a relaxed atmosphere, surrounded by services integrated in addition to the awareness of the integrated tourism is also promoting Mauritius itself as a keen to provide maximum facilities to the visitors, in addition to the kindness of its inhabitants and their dealings with tourists, high moral character, and this helped in my opinion most of the resorts to promote their products and provide as much as he wishes tourist, and even higher in the fact that the inherent culture of tourism in this country. Caribbean region Caribbean is enclosed by many islands, islets and offshore reefs which are from Florida, United state America to Venezuela, South America. Caribbean region became more famous because of the movie, Pirates of the Caribbean. This Caribbean region has been formerly known as the West Indies as Christopher Columbus believed that he had reached the Indies archipelago which is known today as South and Southeast Asia, , when he landed there in 1492. The climate of the Caribbean is tropical but rainfall caries with elevation, size and water currents. In addition, warm and moist trade winds blow consistently from the east creating rainforest division on mountainous islands Dominica Dominica, which is officially known as the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea, and also called the nature isle of the Caribbean. Because Dominica is not changed much after Columbus explored at first time. Dominica is a UNESCO World Heritage site because of the worlds 2nd largest boiling lake, 265 rivers rushing to the sea, national parks and lush vegetation. The islands annual temperature averages at 27C. This temperature is perfect to enjoy the beautiful and natural country as it still has largely pristine forests and haven for ornithologist as well as great scuba diving spots. In addition, this island is famous for being the `Whale watching capital of the Caribbean. The chance of seeing a whale and other animals that belong to the Cetaceans order is absolutely great, in fact greater than elsewhere. Nevis Island This island located near the northern end of the Lesser Antilles archipelago. Nevis is a small and unhurried also immensely fertile and wonderfully beautiful. In addition, Nevis island is volcanic island which is a sister island to St Kitts, however, it is still very difficult to access this island. Therefore, the island is consequently uncrowded and largely unspoiled by tourists. It is an advantage for tourist who wants to seek a quiet, laid back, picturesque vacation in a friendly islanders atmosphere. The uniqueness of this island is the culture and people of this island as they are very traditional in their way of life; this could be seen in the architecture of their building and housing. Ecotourism in particular attracts people to natural sites where the mountains and valleys are found. Moreover, outdoor activities such as golf, hiking, and biking and water sports are attracting more adventurous travelers. Pacific/ Australia/ New Zealand region These regions encompasses the ancient land mass Australia, the islands of New Zealand, and the scattering of thousands of small islands that stretch out into the Pacific Ocean. They have similar culture and life style but economic situation and main industry are different. Their tourism reputation is getting higher and many are increasingly relying on their beautiful scenery and tropical climates to attract tourists and give a valuable boost to their economies. Kangaroo island, South Australia Kangaroo Island is the 3rd largest island after Tasmania and Melville Island in Australia. This island is closest from Cape Jervis, South Australia and it is 122km southwest of Adelaide. This island attracts over 140,000 visitors each year because of interesting mix of agriculture, tourism, and wilderness. Especially, this Kangaroo Island has well preserved by Australia government. Beaches and wild animals are the most uniqueness in Kangaroo Island. The name of this island is from Matthew Flinders who is the English explorer. He explored and mapped the coa

Prejudice and Stereotypes in 12 Angry Men Essay

Stereotypes use generalisations to characterise people, and 10th juror is particularly prone to stereotyping the defendant based on socio-economic background. He regularly makes generalised statements about ‘those people’ (p. 6), without ever justifying his opinions with concrete details. Examples include: .I’m tellin’ you they let the kids run wild up there’ (p. 6). . ‘†¦ You’re not going to tell us that we’re supposed to believe that kid, knowing what he is. Listen, I’ve lived among ’em all my life. You can’t believe a word they say. I mean, they’re born liars. ‘ (P. 8) .The kids who crawl outa those places are real trash. I don’t want any part of them, I’m telling you (p. 12) . ‘Let’s talk facts. These people are born to lie’ †¦ ‘I’ve known some who were OK, but that’s the exception’ (pp. 51-52) . ‘They’re violent, they’re vicious, they’re ignorant, and they will cut us up’ (p. 53) The one instance where 10th juror uses details is when he argues ‘his type, they’re multiplying five times as fast as we are. That’s the statistic. ‘ (P. 53). Yet he only uses this statistic to ground his own fears: ‘They’re against us, they hate us, they want to destroy us †¦ If we don’t smack them down whenever we can, then they are gonna own us. They’re gonna breed us out of existence. ‘ (P. 53). 10th juror is not the only one guilty of such generalisation and stereotyping. For example, 4th states: The boy †¦ He’s a product of a filthy neighbourhood and a broken home †¦ Slums are breeding grounds for criminals. I know it. So do you. It’s no secret. Children from slum backgrounds are potential menaces to society. (P. 12). Similarly, 3rd juror muses: .. sometimes I think we’d be better off if we took these tough kids and slapped ’em down before they make trouble, you know? Save us a lot of time and money. (P. 3) Neither 4th nor 3rd jurors make reference to specific details of the defendant’s situation, but rather rely on generalised stereotypes which support their own prejudices against ‘those people’. In fact, 8th is the only juror to carefully review specific details from the case rather than resorting to general class stereotypes. He notes: †¦ This boy’s been kicked around all his life. You know – living in a slum, his mother dead since he was nine. He spent a year and a half in an orphanage while his father served a jail term for forgery (p. 8). This lists specific facts and variables about the boy’s upbringing, rather than distilling him into a non-specific member of a socio-economic group. Similarly, in 8th juror’s speech on page 23,he lists specific details of the victim’s rough existence – his gambling, his convictions, his employment history. This can be contrasted with 10th juror’s simplistic and prejudiced attitude: ‘listen, we know the father was a bum’ (p.24). This contrast between these two attitudes is that 8th juror is attempting to form his opinions based on the specific factors affecting the defendant and the victim, and trying to focus on the human beings in the case at hand. 10th juror is content to convict the defendant based on stereotypes and generalised tendencies of others in similar situations. Once again, by aligning the less simplistic attitude with 8th juror, Twelve Angry Men endorses compassion and condemns prejudice and stereotyping.