Essay on Learning Styles In Business - 1192 Words

What Types of Learning StylesAre Best for Business? What are learning styles? The topic of learning styles has been discussed throughout the academic world for several years, but do we really understand how it affects the way students learn? From public school to higher education, different learning styles can be found everywhere. The three main types of learning styles are visual, auditory, and tactile/kinesthetic (hands on) . Each style reflects the main ability of how the individual learns best. Visual learners need to see the speaker and watch facial expressions in order to comprehend the material. They learn best from visual displays and often prefer to take detailed notes during lectures. According to researchers , visual†¦show more content†¦We arranged to take a sample of students from particular classes and give them either a video or a handout with instructions on making a column graph in a spreadsheet. As with most instruction, we wanted to stick to the method the particular tool was geared at for study pur poses. When it was a handout, the students were given the handout and only told to follow the instructions as they were given. If the students had any questions, they could ask but otherwise they were left to work at their own pace and timing. During the time, the instructor could walk around the classroom or sit up at the front while the students worked on the assignment. For the video, the students were told to go to a certain link, and follow the instructions given on the video. They were able to stop the video when they desired and continue on at their own pace. The instructions were not written, but instead were read to the students while the students were given a demonstration to the different steps. This procedure was used for students on Blackboard in online classes. One of the problems we had with this experiment was the lack of participation by some of the students. This was a volunteer assignment, and some of the students chose not to participate. Due to the lack of participation of online students, we have fewer video samples than handout. TheShow MoreRelatedTeaching And Learning : Education And The Quality Of Teaching1127 Words   |  5 Pagesteaching and learning. Many educationists attempted to promote learning through developing a set of invaluable strategies in order to help the learners to improve their educational level of achievement. By the 1970s, the importance of analysing the learning process in education was pervasive even in other fields. Therefore, scholars including psychologists had their forethoughts about improving the educational field. Thus, they posited that they should include the possibly-available styles and formsRead MoreBmt500086 Essay909 Words   |  4 Pagesdocument in the Course Work area below the Activity screen. Learning Outcome: 8 * Analyze research articles for construction of an Annotated Bibliography. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Your instructor will give you feedback using the form below and in margin comments on your work. Reading and using your instructor’s feedback is as much a part of your learning as is reading the course materials and doing activities. YourRead MoreExperiential Learning880 Words   |  3 PagesExperiential Learning: Experiential learning is a process that basically demonstrates and focuses on the role of experience in the learning process. This process has been explained by various theorists who have developed some theories including Experiential Learning Theory, cognitive learning theories, and Social Constructivist Theory. 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Child Prostitution is a Boon Not a Bane- a Satirical Disposition Free Essays

Oh! What a fun! You would hear while entering into narrow dirty lanes of a small town of Thailand and you would be attracted by the men of higher disposition enjoying sex with young girls of not more than 10 to 12 years. It’s truly an enjoyment for not just locals but also tourists who are attracted and lured by these young girls who earn substantial revenue. For the poor of the underdeveloped nations, child prostitution can be a good solution to earn revenue and reduce their poverty. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Prostitution is a Boon Not a Bane- a Satirical Disposition or any similar topic only for you Order Now If each family out of 10,000 couples can bear at-least five girls each and are offered in a sex trade for at-least 10 dollars for one man then each family can earn 50 dollars from one man alone, and suppose if luck is showering smile on them then one girl can even seduce five men in a day to enjoy her lustrous body and that would bring her substantial income to sustain whole of their life. Child prostitution can become the most common economical indicator and can add to the National income of the society, which is already in a great dwindling state and is already in debt. Here the direct role of the government can substantially give a tremendous boost to the child prostitution. Government can encourage the major players in the tourism industry like big hotels to give special tariffs in the form of young girls for the full enjoyment of single tourists who pay visit to their hotels and of-course with tax notwithstanding. This would bring them good revenue. It is a very good proposal for both the hotels and the government alike. The investment that is being promulgated on the education of girls will cost more than the investment that will be levied on the girls to make them prepare for the entertainment of tourists. The investment on the education of girls will only cost burden on the government’s exchequer without any substantial returns but if same amount of investment is levied on the girls to make them prepare for the sex traffic, then not only it would fill the government’s exchequer, but it would also fill the sexual and financial appetite of government’s officers. In short, government should legalize the child prostitution not only for the economic benefit of the children, but also for the benefit of their family and for the benefit of whole society. Just imagine! So many people would be benefited from this prodigious proposition. Middle man who does the dealing of the girls, girl’s parents and their younger brothers who would get income for their studies, over and above it would maintain the traditional cultural of society whereby boys plays subordinate roles in the families. The standard of the living of the people would rise. Times reported, â€Å"inexpensive Iraqi prostitutes have helped to make Syria a popular destination for sex tourists from wealthier countries in the Middle East. In the club’s parking lot, nearly half of the cars had Saudi license plates.† (Fertik, Online Edition) In North America, country statistics reported 10,000 to 30,000 child prostitutes flourishing and majority of the approximate 10,000 children spending their lives in Toronto, Ontario are involved in the sex trade; yet another nation much smaller than America financially and in size seaming with military rule demonstrates sex trade among children in maximum number and ultimate beneficiaries are Burmese officials. As reported by Guardian on October 2007, its military ruled Burma where military officials would not tolerate any pro democratic demonstrations by Buddhist monks but tolerate 13 to 14 year old girls performing catwalk in front of their customers at night clubs easily available for sale at the rate of $100. (Doyle, Online Edition) If it is happening every where then why not it begins to be promulgated legally and openly. Sara, aged 20 years now is a rich girl with large fortunes and property at her disposal. Her occupation was neither modeling nor acting but prostitution in which she has been into since she was just twelve years, even though she is now affected with AIDS, and has been behind bars for four years and sexually exploited even by police officers, so what! At-least she is rich, has lot of money and luxuries at her disposal. Still governments of various nations have made child prostitution illegal and are sorting out various ways to the control this trade. They are constructing houses for children and starting educational training for parents to protect their children from this safe trade. But I would say by increasing the child trade would ultimately reduce it; as more of this trade would flourish, more children would get richer when they grow up and realize side effects resulting from this trade and would try to make their own children escape from the net work of this trade by educating them and making them more responsible citizens. Underdeveloped nations are marked by the increase in disparity between the rich and the poor owing to corruption and the solution to its problem lies with poor families themselves. With the strength of their girl child, they can reduce this disparity by increasing their income to considerable degree. The solution to the problem of poverty was also provided by Jonathan Swift in eighteenth century who like an expert fencer provided an ironical solution to the corruption and poor families of Ireland in his â€Å"A Modest Proposal†. To reduce the financial burden of the families, girl children are being sold to satisfy the sexual desire of the elite class; Swift with his powerful tool of irony wielded at the corrupt and the royal class most effectively yet with the most devastating effect. Swift proposed the poor families of Ireland to utilize the children to raise their income level. He suggested that if the cost of feeding one child for one year is two shillings, and if after one year child is sold to the English landlords, it would bring them the profit of eight shillings and this money can be used for buying food and clothing to bear more children. These children can become delicacies for the men of fortune. They can eat them as roasted or fried dish. One body of a child can be eaten two times and it would be the most delicious dish and nutritious too. The skin of children can me made into gloves for ladies and summer boots for their children.   He seems to be making a fictive character to express himself in the most contradictory manner to the real cause. How to cite Child Prostitution is a Boon Not a Bane- a Satirical Disposition, Papers

Early Childhood Studies Refugees in the World

Question: Discuss How and why secondary data to carry research about the conditions of the child refugees in the developed countries. Answer: Introduction The disturbance in the different parts of the world has contributed to the growing number of refugees in the world (Fazel et al. 2012). The developed countries, like Australia and the European countries are the once who are giving shelter to the refugees. Out of all the countries, the United Kingdom and Australia are the biggest contributors who are giving shelter to refugees. The child refugees are the ones who are affected in the process. At times, they are separated from their families due to the dislocation. This write-up will throw light on the problems that are faced by the child refugees once they had to dislocate from their country to another country (Dudley et al. 2012). Refugees are the people who are forced to move out from their countries and take shelter in the foreign land. People become refugees when there is a huge amount of unrest in the country and they are unable to live in the country. There is a huge refugee crisis due to the year in Syria. It is a concern becaus e the developed countries are unable support the growing number of refugees in the society. Reason behind choosing the topic At times, the child refugees do not get proper attention and care that they should get from the parents due to the dislocation. Disease is another factor that affects the children. Due to the poor level of hygiene in the refugee, camps and the children are more prone to the disease (Taylor and Sidhu 2012). The topic is chosen to give special attention to the conditions of the children as it hugely affects the early years of setting. The children become emotionally and physically unstable which affects them once they grow up. The children even fail to recognize their identity and at times suffer from identity crisis. They cannot relate themselves from their own country nor can they be called the citizen of the country where they have migrated (Hek, Hughes and Ozman 2012). Once they do not receive the proper care in the childhood, they are unable to decide about their future. Moreover, the lack of education does not equip them with proper knowledge that will help them in making future decisions in life (Morantz, Rousseau and Heymann 2012). The topic was chosen to identify the issues faced by the children if they have to dislocate form their country and the type of care that should be given to them so that they grow up being an adult who is able to take proper decision in life. Difference between migrant, refugee and the importance of the topic A migrant is the one who has left his or her own country by choice. The person might have got a job in the foreign land or want to study abroad (Trickey et al. 2012). The person had the time to get the information about the foreign land and then migrate to the foreign land. A refugee does not have any choice of the country where he or she is migrating. A refugee is mainly leaving the country because he or she cannot tolerate the violence or unrest that is going on his or her own country (Wernesj 2012). The government is not able to control the violence and the situation becomes dangerous for the citizens. The citizens have to live in constant fear of losing their lives and hence do not have any choice but to migrate to any country where they can get the minimum food and safety. The children are the most affected ones among the refugees, thus it is important to study the conditions of the children when they have to migrate to other countries against their choice. It is important to ev aluate the way the children develop themselves in a foreign land where they are not accepted either by the government or by the people of the country. After the evaluation, the government will be able to understand the types of programs that should be suited for the children and eventually steps will be taken for the social development of the children. Justification of the topic In an article, Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors byMina Fazel it has been found that the mental health of the children and the adolescent who are being dislocated in another country does not develop in the normal manner (Fazel et al. 2012). The support from the government and the non-governmental organizations help in shaping up the future of the children by introducing certain programs that will support the children to develop the soft skills. The organizations can arrange for educational session that will help in development the children as a whole. Thus, a further research needs to be done evaluate the problems that are being faced the refugees and most importantly the children who are being dislocated in a new location (Hammond 2013). Along with the mental support, they need Financials support and education that will help them to develop as an individual. Thus, a research on the life of the children refugees will help the readers to get an idea about the problems that they are facing and the ways that will help the children to lead a better life. It is a well-accepted truth; the world needs to put a stop on the war to help the children lead a better life. Issues refugee children and their families facing Whenever there is a disruption in the family, the most affected members in the family are the children. The adults of the family are disturbed as they are dislocated from their country and in search of employment. In the foreign land, the foreigners are not ready to accept the citizens who are migrating from a different country (Wu and Poenaru 2013). The government is always not ready to accept the refugees as they affect the economy of the country. Thus, employment is a big issue for the refugees. Once the adults of the family are not able to get a proper employment, they will be unable to look after the children of the family. The children get affected because they see their parents in constant pressure. The adults are emotionally unstable due to the disturbances, and eventually they are not able to give a good life to the children (Pacione, Measham and Rousseau 2013). As the children do not get proper care and support from the family, there is high chance that they indulge in ant- social activities like taking drugs, indulging in stealing and other unethical ways to get money and set a living for themselves. Hence, they are deprived of proper education that they should get as a child (Bronstein, Montgomery and Ott 2013). To welcome the refugees or disapprove them The childrens section of the Refugee Council of the United Kingdom takes special effort to protecting and safeguarding the children who have been dislocated from their family while migrating from one country to another. The Refugee Council that is located in Kent has asked the children to send in posters to welcome the children in the country, especially those who are not with their parents. Figure 1: the poster that has been sent in by the children to welcome the refugee children (Source: Refugeecouncil.org.uk, 2016) Prime Minister, David Cameron invited a huge displeasure from the public when he said that he is against the country taking in more refugees (Wintour 2015). The citizens feel that the UK council is still equipped to take in more refugees. However, Cameron pointed out that taking in more refugees is not the only method of solving the problems of refugees. He insisted that the countries should work aim towards solving the issue and bring peace in the world. As the war will contribute tit will keep on increasing the number of refugees and it is not possible for the developed countries to keep on taking refugees (Hughes 2013). Argument on accompanied and unaccompanied children A lot has been written about the steps taken by the United Kingdom and the Prime Minister David Cameron about taking in the refugees. However, there are certain steps taken by the government like the Save the Children campaign where the prime minister has said that they can take in the 3000 unaccompanied children (Mail Online 2016). However, the argument arises that whether the children will be able to survive the parents. For the children who are already separated from the family, the Save The Children campaign will be a boon for them as they will get a place to stay and care of the governmental organizations. However, for those children who are not separated from their parents, it will be a difficult for them as they will get detached from their family (Chase 2013). Separating the children who have come with their parents will not be good steps from the part of the government as the parent will be the best people to care for them. Thus, it can be said that the children who are arri ving with the parents should be allowed to stay with the parents. For the unaccompanied children, the Save the Children campaign is the best option for them (Arnot, Pinson and Candappa 2013). Figure 2: the unaccompanied children in the Macedonia-Serbia border (Source: Mail Online, 2016) Language and culture barriers The worst affected country in the world due to the war is Syria. Syria is located in the western Asia and the language that is spoken by the citizens is Arabic. The developed countries like the United Kingdom and Australia posses an entirely different culture, and the people speak a different language (Tyrer and Fazel 2014). The children who are being separated from the parents might not be able to speak the western language as they are still in the process of learning their language (Colucci et al. 2014). The Cultural difference will affect the adolescents as they are gradually learning their culture. The children who do not know the language will face a huge issue as they will not be able to share their thoughts and demands. There are certain programs that are being implemented by the government of the United Kingdom to look after the refugees. The children might not be avail those facilities as provided by the authorities as they might not be able to convey their thoughts as the l anguage is unknown to them (Watkins and Zyck 2014). Children who are separated from their parents will face more issues as they would not have any support from the parents to help them. Method of carrying out the research The research was carried out by keeping in mind that the refugees are not in a stable condition and the authorities who are dealing with the problems of accommodating refugees in the country face many problems. Thus, a secondary research is being carried out to identify the problems that are being faced by the refugees who are being migrated to the United Kingdom (McMillan and Schumacher 2014). The secondary data has helped the researcher to get an idea about various aspects that have been taken into account by other researchers in the past, and the present researcher was able to give special attention to the aspects and study the conditions of the refugees in the United Kingdom. The secondary data was in the form of the interviews, research papers, blogs and books, which were helpful for the researcher to learn about the present condition of the refugees and especially the child refugees (Matthews and Ross 2014). The researcher has mainly taken into account the qualitative data, whi ch are the interviews given by some eminent personalities. The description of the state of the refugees as retrieved from the online material are mainly useful for the researcher to understand the conditions of the child refugees in the United Kingdom (Bryman 2015). However, the researcher did not take the help of unethical ways to get the data and only the authentic data from the correct person are being mentioned in the research work (Mertens 2014). Conclusion The researcher mainly took into account the secondary data to carry research about the conditions of the child refugees in the developed countries. While carrying out the work it was found that the refugees have a tough time to adjust themselves in the foreign locations. In addition to this, the children suffer a lot in the process, as they are unaware of the disturbance and the political violence in the country. In spite of their unawareness, they are being forced to move away from their country. Education and proper care from the parents are the two most important things that they are deprived of. Childhood is the perfect time when the values of the family, the cultural and social values are incorporated among the children. When the children face problems in the early stages, it affects the future of the child when he or she grows up as an independent individual. It is expected that the research will help the readers in understanding the problems that the children are facing and ma ke the people realize that war should be stopped to make the world a safer place for the children. References Arnot, M., Pinson, H. and Candappa, M., (2013). The educational rights of asylum-seeking and refugee children within the neo-liberal state and inclusive schools in the UK. InHuman Rights in the Field of Comparative Education(pp. 23-29). SensePublishers. Bronstein, I., Montgomery, P. and Ott, E., (2013). Emotional and behavioural problems amongst Afghan unaccompanied asylum-seeking children: results from a large-scale cross-sectional study.European child adolescent psychiatry,22(5), pp.285-294. Bryman, A., (2015).Social research methods. Oxford university press. Chase, E., (2013). Security and subjective wellbeing: the experiences of unaccompanied young people seeking asylum in the UK.Sociology of health illness,35(6), pp.858-872. Colucci, E., Szwarc, J., Minas, H., Paxton, G. and Guerra, C., (2014). The utilisation of mental health services by children and young people from a refugee background: a systematic literature review.International Journal of Culture and Mental Health,7(1), pp.86-108. Dudley, M., Steel, Z., Mares, S. and Newman, L., (2012). Children and young people in immigration detention.Current opinion in psychiatry,25(4), pp.285-292. Fazel, M., Reed, R.V., Panter-Brick, C. and Stein, A., (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors.The Lancet,379(9812), pp.266-282. Hammond, L., (2013). Somali transnational activism and integration in the UK: Mutually supporting strategies.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,39(6), pp.1001-1017. Hek, R., Hughes, N. and Ozman, R., (2012). Safeguarding the needs of children and young people seeking asylum in the UK: Addressing past failings and meeting future challenges.Child Abuse Review,21(5), pp.335-348. Hughes, G., (2013). Finding a voice through The Tree of Life: A strength-based approach to mental health for refugee children and families in schools.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry, p.1359104513476719. Mail Online. (2016). UK must take in children who are fleeing war in Syria, Cameron warned. [online] Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3414346/Britain-children-fleeing-war-Syria-David-Cameron-warned-amid-claims-Britain-rescue-thousands-more.html [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016]. Matthews, B. and Ross, L., (2014).Research methods. Pearson Higher Ed. McMillan, J.H. and Schumacher, S., (2014).Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry. Pearson Higher Ed. Mertens, D.M., (2014).Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods. Sage Publications. Morantz, G., Rousseau, C. and Heymann, J., (2012). The divergent experiences of children and adults in the relocation process: Perspectives of child and parent refugee claimants in Montreal.Journal of Refugee Studies,25(1), pp.71-92. Pacione, L., Measham, T. and Rousseau, C., (2013). Refugee children: Mental health and effective interventions.Current psychiatry reports,15(2), pp.1-9. Refugeecouncil.org.uk. (2016). The Children's Section - Asylum Seekers UK - Refugee Council. [online] Available at: https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/what_we_do/childrens_services [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016]. Taylor, S. and Sidhu, R.K., (2012). Supporting refugee students in schools: what constitutes inclusive education?.International Journal of Inclusive Education,16(1), pp.39-56. Trickey, D., Siddaway, A.P., Meiser-Stedman, R., Serpell, L. and Field, A.P., (2012). A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents.Clinical psychology review,32(2), pp.122-138. Tyrer, R.A. and Fazel, M., (2014). School and community-based interventions for refugee and asylum seeking children: a systematic review.PloS one,9(2), p.e89359. Watkins, K. and Zyck, S.A., (2014). Living on hope, hoping for education.The Failed Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis. London: ODI. Wernesj, U., (2012). Unaccompanied asylum-seeking children: Whose perspective?.Childhood,19(4), pp.495-507. Wintour, P. (2015). Britain should not take more Middle East refugees, says David Cameron. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/02/david-cameron-migration-crisis-will-not-be-solved-by-uk-taking-in-more-refugees [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016]. Wu, V.K. and Poenaru, D., (2013). Burden of surgically correctable disabilities among children in the Dadaab Refugee Camp.World journal of surgery,37(7), pp.1536-1543.

Painted Portraits free essay sample

This paper discusses the work of American painters Cecilia Beaux and John Singer Sargent. This paper explores the works and styles employed by Cecilia Beaux and one of her teachers, John Singer Sargent. It gives a brief personal history of each painter and their early influences. It further explores their unique styles, for Beaux, it was based on French impressionism and color, and Sargents ability to portray essence. Finally this paper attempts to show why portraits remained popular during a time in which photography was widely used. One of the reasons that Beaux and Sargent were popular painters even in an era in which portraiture was becoming more and more the domain of the photographer was that while portraits have always been made to serve as keepsakes and visual memoirs, they have also always served other functions as well, perhaps the primary of these being to mark the social status of the subject. We will write a custom essay sample on Painted Portraits or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Portraits by their very nature never be mass-produced but must also be commissioned. This means that they are expensive, requiring someone to be able to pay an artist to devote all of her or his skills and time to the subject alone. Thus portraits have always served as a proxy, a marker of high status.

Employee morale Essays

Employee morale Essays Employee morale Essay Employee morale Essay Threat of layoffs 4. Union contracts 5. Nepotism Featherbedding B. Micro 1. No upper management support 2. No authority to make changes 3. Potential scapegoat or bad guy 4. Nonofficial duties clouding Judgment and slowing down progress/motivation II. Causes 1 . Union employees with poorly negotiated contracts 2. Employee resistance to change 3. Inability for cross-training/replacement between clerks and telegraph operators 4. Nepotism/featherbedding 5. Lack of upper-management support 6. Undefined responsibilities and authority for Dave 1 . Structural No HER element in place; too many employees that are incapable of being subs for the other; not enough work for all employees 2. Psychosocial Threat of layoffs affects incomes for most of the employees families; split between those employees that are and are not related; most of workforce has openly demonstrated unwillingness to change; low employee morale 3. Technical Archaic traditions need to be replaced with up-to-date technology; employees unwilling to take on new duties or produce at highest level causing company to lag behind; no cross-training allowed by union contract; clerks are mostly women and telephone operators mostly men 4. Managerial No upper management support; current management has been promoted because of relationship; no work ethic

American Cultures Impact On The Media Cultural Studies Essay

American Cultures Impact On The Media Cultural Studies Essay None cultures are the same every nation has their own distinct and values. The American and American cultures have very vast differentiation between them. While the culture of America is a mixture of different cultures, the Bangladeshi culture is unique and has its own values and customs. One of the major differences that can be seen between American and Bangladeshi culture is in family relations. While the Bangladeshi are very much family and religious oriented, the Americans are individual oriented. In Bangladeshi culture, the family values are given more prominence than the individual values. Bangladeshi respect family and religious values. On the other hand, in American culture the individual value gets prominence than the family values. Indians are more committed to their family where as the Americans are more committed to themselves only (Difference Between, 2010). The United States is a dynamic country, covering the breadth of a continent. Many cultural currents exist and coe xist within American life. The sections that follow do not attempt to cover every aspect of American culture, but instead zero in on some phenomena, like television, films and American music, that newcomers can study in order to learn more about American life. American values have developed over several centuries, affecting (and often being enriched by) successive waves of immigrants. The best way to look at it is to realize that while Americans are often open to new ways of thinking, they have a deep culture, and a deep sense of being American, one that is not always that easy to describe (Life in the USA,2010). Bangladesh has a rich, diverse culture. Its deeply rooted heritage is thoroughly reflected in its architecture, dance, literature, music, painting and clothing. The three primary religions of Bangladesh (Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam) have had a great influence on its culture and history. The people of Bangladesh have a rich fictional legacy, with the first available form of literature being over a thousand years old. Bengali literature developed considerably during the medieval period with the rise of popular poets such as Chandi Das, Daulat Kazi an Alaol (Bangladesh.com, 2010). Although, local music is still popular in Bangladeshi culture, the younger generation is influenced by the western songs. Youth of America is inspired by American artists, movies, and musical bands are becoming more popular in Bangladesh. Coca Cola and Michael Jackson are popular now in Bangladesh. Fast food, a product of American culture, is available but only in major cities and hotels. Most of the people prefer local foods and deserts. Literacy rate in Bangladesh is high compared with other developing countries. For males, it is 54% and literacy rates among Bangladeshi women are 41.4% (CIA the World Factbook, 2010). Main Body Impact of American Culture on Bangladeshi Culture, Media, and Language Culture: Culture can be described as the exclusive system of shared values, cus toms, beliefs, artifacts, and behaviors that the society members use to confront with their world and also with one another. Moreover, they are transmitted from one generation to another through learning. Culture also refers to the overall cumulative deposit of experience, beliefs, knowledge, values, meanings, attitudes, hierarchies, notions of time, religion, spatial relations, themes of the universe, and possessions acquired by a specific group of people during generations through group and individual striving (Bhabha, 2004). Significant differences are found between cultures of Bangladesh and America. Bangladeshi culture is a sophisticated blend of eastern culture and Islamic traditions. American culture, on the other hand, is a typical example of westernization with distinctive traditions, customs, attitudes and beliefs. It is pertinent to mention that culture is dynamic in nature. Cultures do change over time accepting new traditions while rejecting older ones (refà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Bangladeshi culture is increasingly becoming influenced by American culture even though the rate of transformation is considerably low compared with other neighboring countries like India and Pakistan.

What makes software so important Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What makes software so important - Essay Example This would therefore mean that each and every user will install different computer software in their personal computers. For instance, a household that has children and wants them to play computer games will most likely install software’s aimed at supporting the various games that these children want to play. It is also possible to uninstall software that is not needed, in exchange of software that a user needs. On this note, software’s are used to run computer programs that users want to benefit from. Apart from the personal use of computer softwares, business organizations also need these softwares for purposes of helping their organization function to the best level of standard. This is beneficial to me, because it helps me to acquire high quality services from these organizations. There are different types of softwares that a business organization can use. This depends on the nature of the organization itself, and the kind of business activity that the organization engages in (Bowser, 2012). Examples of computer softwares that business organizations will need to use are, database management softwares, point of sale softwares, content management softwares, etc. Take for instance, a school or a university institution. For this organization, computer software that has the capability of keeping students records is essential (Pressman, 2010). This will help the organization to maintain and keep track of present and past students belonging to the institution under consideration. For a departmental store, or a retailing unit, the point of sale software is essential for keeping track of all the transactions that occurs within the business establishment. The content management software on the other hand is helpful to the online marketers and this is because it can help them to manage the flow of information in their websites in an easy and efficient manner. Apart from the above mentioned softwares,

Q4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Q4 - Essay Example When some partners do not avail essential information for use in the measurement of ROI, the process becomes more complex. This is an issue that mainly affects the inter-organizational systems whose returns are not quantifiable (Jones and Price, 2004). The human resources involved in data collection may not be competent in some organizations. The inconsistency of data in different partners is a major drawback for the process of ROI measurement. On the other hand, the complex models applied in the measurement and the formulas in some cases are puzzling to the human resources, thereby making it impossible to come up with perfect results. This problem occurs due to lack of user friendly methods of measuring ROI. Garware Polyester Ltd. is among the organizations that have failed in the measurement of ROI in inter-organizational systems implementation. In this case, the problem was the fact that information systems provide both tangible and intangible benefits, and it impossible to accura tely provide data for the intangible gains (Parr and Shanks, 2000). 2. What are the major services offered by IS service providers in the customization of inter-organizational IS implementations? Please provide examples from your organization or an organization you are familiar.   Customization involves setting up of the new software in the organizations so that the parameters so that they can match the requirements of the business. In an inter-organizational IS implementation, the presence of the IS service provider is important to ensure that the systems are user friendly. After customization that requires highly specialized skills, the IS providers, for example Allied Learning Solutions presents the users of the IS with software that assists them in learning (Nebraska and Fox, 2003). This is important in ensuring that the human resources in

Learning Plan Essay Example for Free

Learning Plan Essay The learning plan described in this paper is to have students debate a topic related to the Civil War. The debate topic is â€Å"Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for moral reasons or political reasons?† The main concept of this learning plan is to have students work collaboratively to research facts, and recall and use facts from the Civil War unit to incorporate into their arguments. (It should be noted that the learning plan described in this paper will take several classes to complete, however the learning plan procedures will only address the class where the debate will occur. ) It is assumed that debate skills were taught in a previous class. The learning theory certainly incorporates constructivist aspects. They are constructing knowledge rather than absorbing it. This is constructivist approach is illustrated through the collaborative nature of the assignment, as well as through the research that students’ must produce. In terms of the use of technology and media; the students will be instructed to research one source of information, from the internet, related to their argument. They must submit a one-page analysis of the information in which they found along with a references page. This must be submitted to the teacher a week before the scheduled debate. The teacher will assess the content of the paper, but the references page will also be important. Teacher must evaluate the kinds of internet sources that the students have used. The credibility of the internet source, and the strength of student’s research will be analyzed by the teacher. The purpose is to assess student’s traditional literacy and critical analytical skills (assessed when evaluating the content), and information literacy/interpretation skills of online material (assessed by reviewing the reference page). Finally, the teacher will hand back papers to the students, and he/she will instruct each group to use at least two of their group members’ papers into their group’s arguments. Media and technology will also be incorporated with the use of social media. The teacher will tell students that their debates will be recorded and submitted to youtube or a private school website (if issues of privacy are raised). Others will be allowed to view the video to evaluate the strength of each team’s arguments. Based on the comments of public viewers, a winner will be chosen (by popular vote). This popular vote will be incorporated as a small percentage into the assessment. This is being done as to allow students to  participate in new media opportunities within an educational context. Learning Plan Context Setting The high needs school will be a High School in the Bay Area, either in San Francisco or Oakland. There will be 25-30 students in an individual classroom.  The lesson will take place the week after the Civil War unit is finished. It is anticipated that the unit will last about two weeks, therefore the debate class will occur during the third week. The actual debate class will take up one class period. The content area is US History/Politics. The grade level is Juniors (11th grade). In sum, the curriculum unit is 11th grade, US History/Politics, Civil War unit. Standards According to California standards for literacy in History/Social Studies in 6-12th grades. A student must be able to demonstrate analysis of primary and secondary sources, and connect these insights to the understanding of the whole text. This ability will be addressed and assessed when students must incorporate information learned from the textbook with information gained from the internet, and use both sources of information, into their debate. The student’s ability to undertake this task will be evaluated by the teacher with the submission of student’s sources, and also during the debate. (http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards.pdf.) Also according to California standards, students must be able to evaluate various explanations for events and actions. Learning Objective Students will be able to collaboratively demonstrate their knowledge of Civil War policy, events and information, from the textbook and from online sources, by formulating arguments to be presented within a debate. Learning Theory Applications Constructivism is certainly at play in this lesson plan: The activity allows knowledge to be organized into schemas, concepts, and worldviews. This activity is emphasizing the use of authentic activities by constructing knowledge through interaction with the environments (internet and peers), and applying it to real-life situations (debate). The collaborative component certainly illustrates constuctivism; learners will help each other create conceptual connections. Finally, students are working autonomously with the help of the teacher as facilitator, supporter, and model (Ormrod, 2006). Learning Accommodations: Individualized Education Plan for Special Accomodations: In each team, all students will be assigned a role. For example, â€Å"speaker†, â€Å"writer†, â€Å"time-keeper†. A student’s IEP will be taken into consideration when assigning roles. A student with an IEP, will be assigned a role that best fits their IEP. For example, a student with ADD, may be best suited to be a time-keeper since their attention span is not as focused. They may be anxious to change the pace of the group’s discussions, and therefore they may be eager to keep track of the time. Language Development needs: When assigning the internet-based research; the teacher will give ELL students a website to navigate to, instead of having the students navigate the internet themselves. Teacher will give explicit instructions as to where to look on the website so students do not feel too overwhelmed with the English language. Teacher will ask the students to try to comprehend some of the information, however if this proves too difficult, then the teacher will ask the students to find 15-20 words from the website that the student did not understand. The student will then find the meanings of these words in their own language. They must write at least a paragraph about the Civil War unit incorporating five of the words that they found on the internet. Also,  at least two of these words must be incorporated into the arguments of their team. Gifted and Talented needs: This is a challenging component to consider because a gifted/talented student does not necessarily mean an academic-rigorous student. To really tailor the lesson to address the interests of a gifted/talented student, then the teacher will have to be familiar with the personality of that particular student. However, some situations will be addressed here. First of all, from the research, the lesson itself befits that of a gifted/talented studen t. Competition, which characterizes a debate, usually suits the nature of gifted/talented students. The first situation to consider is a student who is gifted/talented, but not academically rigorous. This student will be given a leadership role within his/her team. He/she may be assigned to organize/manage all the ideas of the students. He/she is the one who will be given the rubric for what the teacher is assessing when observing the team’s discussions and arguments. He/she is the manager, and he/she will be assessed on their ability to keep his/her team on task. In this way, this student isn’t necessarily doing more â€Å"academic† work, but he/she is being challenged in a rather difficult manner. A second situation to consider is to have a gifted/talented student who is academically rigorous. The teacher will give this student a second component to add to his/her research paper. The student must connect textbook material and internet material to the US politics o f today. This is increasing the cognitive process from analyze (which all students must do with their research papers) to evaluate (Anderson and Krathwol, 2001). The student can choose to incorporate this extra component into their team’s arguments. Resource Accommodations: Low tech: There are no computers, projector, or internet access in the classroom. If this is the case, teacher may have to allocate time in different lessons to use school facilities where computers are available. Computers must be used so that the teacher can show students the kinds of websites that are credible, as well as to use sites, like youtube, to show students examples of debates. Computer use is necessary so teacher may have to take time before or after school to meet with students (who are willing) to show them the above-mentioned websites. Mid tech: One computer connected  to a projector is available in the classroom. The teacher can use this computer to show examples of credible websites, as well as to show examples of debates online. High tech: Class is equipped with several computers. Teams can go online themselves to view videos of debates and start research for their paper. In this way, the collaborative nature of the lesson will start even earlier (in the pre-plan ning stage). Content-Based Literacy Skills In terms of text-based literacy; students must incorporate information from their textbook into their arguments Critical thinking, reflective thought, and text-supported thinking will be illustrated when students must draw connections between internet-based information and textbook information while doing their analysis/research paper. This connection will be evaluated when student’s cute their sources within their paper. (This explanation will also illustrate students’ information literacy.) New Media Literacy Skills Performance: This skill is illustrated when students view sample debates on the internet and use this as models of performance in their own debates. Collective Intelligence: This skill is done when students are within their respective teams and they must draw upon their own and others ideas, research, and knowledge to formulate strong arguments. Judgement: This skill is illustrated when students must judge which websites and information are to be included in their research/analysis paper. Networking: Once again, this skill is illustrated when students must search, connect, and analyze information on the internet for the purpose of their research/analysis paper (Jenkins, 2001). Learning Material: Textbook: Learners will need textbook so that they can recall information. Paper, pen: Leaners will need so that they can write down information. Rubric: Both the learner and teacher needs. Learners need it so that they are aware of what’s expected of them while working in teams and formulating their arguments. Teacher needs it so that he/she can refer to it when assessing the team’s progress. Notes: Learners will need them as a reference when formulating arguments. Stopwatch/watch: This will be given to  the student whose job is timekeeper. Video Camera: Used to record the debate Learning Plan Procedures Phase I: Motivation Activity Teacher will show a short clip of a very powerful, interesting debate. Possibly a presidential debate. The clip will only show the most poignant part (according to the teacher) of the debate. Hopefully the clip will be no longer than 5 minutes long. (if there’s no computer available, then teacher must bring in her/his own computer.) In a class of 30 chair/table. There will be 15 chairs/ tables on each side of the room. They will be facing eachother. Learners will enter the classroom and sit down immediately with their team. The teacher will then show the video as soon as the class is seated and quiet. This activity is being done to motivate, encourage, and remind students of what a good debate looks like so that the output of the students’ debates can match skills such as speaking (clear and concise) and eye-contact of the debaters within the video. Phase II: Input (Teacher Driven) Activity: During this class, the teacher will, serve only as facilitator, therefore not much activity will be driven by the teacher. However, after the video, the teacher will remind students of the rubric that was given to them, and tell students that she/he is only their to assist in the logistics of the debate (time, flow, managing emotions if this becomes a problem). The teacher will also instruct students to take notes on each other’s arguments because this assignment will be important for their homework assignment. She/he will also remind student that they will be recorded. Teacher will tell all students to take out their rubrics. She/He will go over some key point from the rubric as it relates to the debate. The teacher will tell students to make sure that they keep these key points in mind because these points will be assessed during the debate. The teacher will instruct students to have their rubrics out for the entire class so they can monitor their team’s progress by themselves. Teacher will formally go over key questions from the rubric that he/she hopes the teams have incorporated into the nature of the debate (clear speech, eye contact,  concise points, respectful behavior) as well as into the content of the debate. In term of the nature of the debate, questions might look like â€Å"Is my team being quiet/respectful as the other team presents their arguments?†, â€Å"Are my responses to the other’s teams arguments not insulting?† etc. In terms of the content of the debate, questions may look like, â€Å"Did my team incorporate facts from the textbook?†, â€Å"Did my team use at least two credible internet sources within the argument?†, â€Å"Did my team follow special instructions assigned by the teacher (e.g. incorporating ideas from IEP students, ELL student, gifted students)?.† This activity and these questions serve to remind students of the importance of the collaborative nature of the learning objective. They also serve to remind students that they must be able to demonstrate their understanding of the Civil War unit, as well as their understanding of outside sources within the context of an argument. Phase III: Output (Learner Driven) Activity Students will take part in a debate. The topic is â€Å"Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for moral reasons or political reasons?† This activity will illustrate the learning objective in several ways. First, the collaborative nature of the previous classes will finally be demonstrated. Second, the students must illustrate their knowledge of Civil War policies within their arguments. Third, both sides’ arguments must include information from outside sources. The teacher will select one team to present their arguments first. Recording will begin The speaker of that team will stand up and come to the front of the class. They will present their team’s argument. In the argument they must mention the sources in which they got their information. For example, if they got a particular piece of data from the textbook, then they must state â€Å"As is presented in the textbook†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . If they got a particular piece of data from the internet then they must state, â€Å"As is presented on so-called website, or by so-called author†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They must also explicitly state how they used the â€Å"special instructions† from the teacher. For example, â€Å"(ELL’s student’s name) found that ‘compromise’ was not a possible solution of the Civil War.† In this example, it is assumed that compromise was on a list of words that an ELL student did not understand. He/she presented these list of words to  his/her team. The team reviewed the list, and chose to use the word compromise as part of their argument. The student will finish the presentation of his/her argument. The teacher will tell the next team to present its argument. The team will follow the same procedure as above. The teacher will then stop recording of the debate. This debate will naturally lead to questions, comments from both the teacher and the students. Phase IV: Culmination  The teacher will ask the groups to clear up any misunderstandings or misinformation the teams may have had within their argument. This is to give other team members a chance to speak about the argument, which reinforces the collaborative effort of the lesson. The teacher will also ask students how their team’s or the other team’s information and debate skills differed and how these things were similar to the debate presented in the beginning of the class. As a smaller activity, the teacher will instruct all the students to come up with one question, comment, critique of the other team’s argument. This assignment will illustrate each student’s understanding of the Civil War Unit because it challenges students to relate, connect, or counter-argue their own knowledge of the unit. This question will be submitted to the teacher. Phase V: Exten sion For homework, students will write a one-page analysis of the opposing teams arguments. The student will address the opposing side’s arguments. He/she will evaluate the argument’s weaknesses, strengths; and why he/she disagreed or agreed with the points that were made. Learning Plan Analysis Formative assessments will include analyzing the collaborative efforts of the team, the behavior of each team during the presentation of the opposing team’s arguments, how well each team member took on their role within their team, and how well the team incorporated textbook information, outside information, and ‘†special instructions† from the teacher into their argument. A summative assessment will include the teacher’s evaluation of the internet analysis/research paper, the one-page analysis of opposing team’s argument, teacher’s evaluations of the strength of the arguments, and finally the â€Å"popular vote† (the results of youtube or school-based website). Weaknesses of this lesson plan include time constraints, and the many assessments involved. It may be difficult to accurately assess how well each team members took on their roles. Some students may still be taking on more work than others. Also, incorporating ELL/IEP students proved to be a difficult task.. Strength of the lesson is it fosters team work, analytical skills, and gives students more power in the direction and implementation of a lesson. The teacher will implement these varied assessments in its first year, and then will evaluate the effectiveness of these assessments for future classes. The learning theories applied in the first phase was Vygotzky’s Cognitive Process. Students are witnessing two adults debating and they are expected to try to learn/imitate the behaviors of those adults. In the second phase, social cognitive theory is at play. The teacher both models desired behaviors/outcomes, as well as emphasizes self-efficacy and self-regulation. In the third phase, constructivism is illustrated. The debate is student-driven because the students are demonstrating their constructed knowledge within the debate. The assessments have a behaviorist component. Negative reinforcement (decrease a behavior) is illustrated when the teacher warns students that if they are not respectful or a team member does not contribute meaningfully, then they may be marked down (Ormrod, 2008). References Anderson, L. W. , Krathwol, D. R. (2001) . A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing, 28-31. California Department of Education. (2013) California Common Core State Standards. http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards.pdf Jenkins, H., Clinton, K., Purushotma, R., Robison, A. J., and Weigel, M. (2006). â€Å"Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century.† Chicago, IL: MacArthur Foundation. Ormrod, J. E. (2008). Educational Psychology Developing Learners, 8. 25-36. Teachers First. (2014) http://www.teachersfirst.com/gifted_strategies.cfm

Magic Realism in One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marque

Magic Realism in One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez In One Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez uses â€Å"magic realism,† to depict how human beings deal with their self-created solitude. â€Å"Magic realism† [Note that the German art critic Franz Roh coined the term â€Å"magic realism† in 1925 to describe "a magic insight into reality†][1] is the art of captivating something that in the real world would not be possible and manufacturing it to be believable. It is very different from fairy tale magic, where things are quite astonishing, unbelievable, and over done. Instead, magic realism makes magic seem more spiritual and ordinary. Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez does a superb job of combining the truly amazing and magical with everyday life, so that magic in Macondo seems normal.   Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, in part, is successful in â€Å"magic realism† because he makes ordinary events extraordinary, and that makes them mundane. Mà ¡rquez uses a technique that allows magic realism to work well in this novel, because he uses an exaggerated style of life. Macondo is a magical place, which permits the characters not to notice the magic, especially the exaggerated forms of life. At the same time the style that Mà ¡rquez uses allows the reader to believe the magic. The extent in which people in the novel age is astounding; this phenomenon is exemplified in the length of Pilar Ternera’s life.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Years before, when she had reached one hundred forty-five years of age, she had given up the pernicious custom of keeping track of her age and she went on living in the static and marginal time of memories.†(424) It is rare today that someone lives to be over 100, and Pilar lives to well over 145 years of age, yet she is not celebrate... ...at magic is a normal occurrence and that there is no need for excitement. The characters are too involved in their solitude to notice how special and magical their village is. It is this perverse ability to remain in isolation and wrapped in solitude that leads to their ultimate downfall. If they were not as obsessed with their solitude and could have realized the wondrous world they were living in, they could have made the best of their magical gifts. But they did not, and because of their ignorance, their lives and the village was destroyed.   â€Å"†¦Because races condemned to one hundred years of solitude did not have a second opportunity on earth.† (422) [1] Liberal Studies 402, on Tuesday, March 28, 1995, by Ian Johnston (lecture)    Works Cited: Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. One Hundred Years of Solitude. Trans. Gregory Rabassa. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991.

Common Biases and Errors in Decision-Making Process

COMMON BIASES AND ERRORS IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESS In addition to engaging in bounded rationality, an accumulating body of research tells us that decision makers allow systematic biases and errors to creep into their judgments. These come out of attempts to shortcut the decision process. To minimize effort and avoid difficult trade-offs, people tend to rely too heavily on experience, impulses, gut feelings, and convenient aâ‚ ¬? rules of thumb. aâ‚ ¬? In many instances, these shortcuts are helpful. However, they can lead to severe distortions from rationality.The following highlights the most common distortions. Overconfidence Bias:  Itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s been said that aâ‚ ¬? no problem in judgment and decision making is more prevalent and more potentially catastrophic than overconfidence. aâ‚ ¬? When weaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re given factual questions and asked to judge the probability that our answers are correct, we tend to be far too optimistic. For instance, studies have fo und that, when people say theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re 65 to 70% confident that theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re right, they were actually correct only about 50% of the time. And when they say theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re 100% sure, they tended to be 70 to 85% correct.From an organizational standpoint, one of the more interesting findings related to overconfidence is that those individuals whose intellectual and interpersonal abilities are weakest are most likely to overestimate their performance and ability. So as mangers and employees become more knowledgeable about an issue, the less likely they are to display overconfidence. Overconfidence is most likely to surface when organizational members are considering issues or problems that are outside their area of expertise. Anchoring Bias:  The anchoring bias is a tendency to fixate on initial information as a starting point.Once set, we then fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information. The anchoring bias occurs because our mind appears to give a d isproportionate amount of emphasis to the first information it receives. So initial impressions, ideas, process, and estimates carry undue weight relative to information received later. Anchors are widely used by professional people such as advertising writers, managers, politicians, real estate agents, and lawyersaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ where persuasion skills are important For instance, in a mock jury trial, one set of jurors was asked by the plaintiffaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attorney to make an award in the range of Rs. million to Rs. 25 million. Another set of jurors was asked for an award in the range of Rs. 25 million to 75 million. Consistent with the anchoring bias, the median awards were Rs. 5 million versus Rs. 25 million in the two conditions. Consider the role of anchoring in negotiations and interviews. Any time a negotiation takes place, so does anchoring. As soon as someone states a number, your ability to objectively ignore that number has been compromised. For instance, when a prosp ective employer asks how much you were making in your prior job, your answer typically anchors the employeraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offer.Most of us understand this and upwardly aâ‚ ¬? adjustaâ‚ ¬? our previous salary in the hope that it will encourage our employer to offer us more. Anchoring can distort employment interviews. The initial information you might get interviewing a job candidate is likely to anchor your assessment of the applicant and unduly influence how you interpret information that you obtain later. Confirmation Bias:  The rational decision-making process assumes that we objectively gather information. But we donaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t. We selectively gather information.The information bias represents a specific case of selective perception. We seek out information that reaffirms our past choices, and we discount information that contradicts past judgments. We also tend to accept information at face value that confirms our preconceived views, while being critical and skep tical of information that challenges these views. The information we gather is typically biased toward supporting views we already hold. This confirmation bias influences where we go to collect evidence because we tend to seek out places that are more likely to tell us what we want to hear.It also leads us to give too much weight to supporting information and too little to contradictory information. Availability Bias:  Many more people suffer from fear of flying than fear of driving in a car. The reason is that many people think flying is more dangerous. If flying on a commercial airline was as dangerous as driving, the equivalent of two 747s filled to capacity would have to crash every week, killing all aboard, to match the risk of being killed in a car accident.But the media give a lot more attention to air accidents, so we tend to overstate the risk of flying and understate the risk of driving. This illustrates an example of the availability bias, which is the tendency for peop le to base their judgments on information that is readily available to them. Events that evoke emotions, that are particularly vivid, or that have occurred more recently tend to be more available in our memory. As a result, we tend to be prone to overestimating unlikely events like an airplane crash.The availability bias can also explain why managers, when doing annual performance appraisals, tend to give more weight to recent behaviors of an employee than those behaviors of six or nine months ago. Escalation of Commitment Error:  Another distortion that creeps into decisions in practice is a tendency to escalate commitment when a decision stream represents a series of decisions. Escalation of commitment refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence that itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wrong.An example of this is of my friend, who has been dating a woman for about four years. He admitted that things werenaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t going too well in their relationship; he informed m e that he was going to marry the woman. A bit surprised by his decision, I asked him why. He responded: aâ‚ ¬? I have a lot invested in the relationship! aâ‚ ¬? It has been well documented that individuals escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as a responsible for the failure. That is they aâ‚ ¬? throw good money after badaâ‚ ¬? o demonstrate that their initial decision wasnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t wrong and to avoid having to admit they made a mistake. Escalation of commitment is also congruent with evidence that people try to appear consistent in what they say and do. Increasing commitment to previous actions conveys consistency. Escalation of commitment has obvious implications for managerial decisions. Many an organization has suffered large losses because a manager was determined to prove his or her original decision was right by continuing to commit resources to what was a lost cause from the beginning.In addition, consistency is a cha racteristic often associated with effective leaders. So managers, in an effort to appear effective, may be motivated to be consistent when switching to another course of action. In reality, effective managers are those who are able to differentiate between situations in which persistence will pay off and situations in which it will not. http://www. citeman. com/384-common-biases-and-errors-in-decision-making-process. html

Conventional High Rise Buildings in Hong Kong

Introduction Modernism ever emphasize that the signifier of infinite to be developed based on the nonsubjective conditions of the external environment, the architectural signifier can be to the full reflected as a consequence of its map, nevertheless, such type of architectural signifier which dominated by functionalism was progressively being questioned in modern times, some of the designers attempt to happen new waies from the abstract philosophical idea, and developed the alleged deconstruction. The Godhead of the theory of deconstruction was Jacques Derrida, he was a philosopher who questioned against the tightness of Manichaean thought in Western idea, and stressed the uncertainness of the text in ideological looks, he thought a deconstructive reading can analyse the binary resistances in metaphysics, and a new construction can besides be generated though the dismantlement processes. The Hung Hom Bay Campus of Hong Kong Community College is situated at the junction of Hung Lok Road and Hung Lai Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong. The edifice is developed on a brown field site which was antecedently utilized by KCRC as a workshop. The adjacent edifices of the premises is the Royal Peninsula residential belongings in the North of the site ( near Hung Hom South Road ) and the Hung Hom Peninsula residential belongings in the sou'-east ( near Hung Lok Road ) . The designer of Hung Hom Bay Campus ( HKCC ) attempted to reflect upon the development of the urbanism of Hong Kong while the construct was in development phase in order to look for new possibilities. Attempted to research the function of deconstruction theory though analysis of the edifices in the metropolis. In Hong Kong, a metropolis with a high edifice denseness, institutional edifices are nevertheless usually low-rise. The Hong Kong Community College ( Hung Hom Bay Campus ) introduced a new alone construct in high-rise institutional tower typology, solid and null beat was applied in the high tower ; it besides introduced a new manner for learning and larning by spacial agreements of the edifice and provided gardens in the air, to supply a big figure of common infinites for sharing and interaction of the instructors and pupils. Background Conventional high rise edifice in Hong Kong With the growing of architecture design and edifice engineering, the skyscrapers are built higher and higher. Hong Kong, as the richest and fast working velocity metropolis in the universe, covers 1000s of skyscrapers and high-rise edifices in its limited land. In Hong Kong, the designers used to utilize light steel to build the edifices. And the exterior wall is covered by glass drape. This sort of design is beautiful and modern, but has some possible restrictions. Some analysis of the architecture exterior lift design in the universe reveals that the glass drape wall introduces successful solutions for the modern issue in the modern-day architecture. Yet, at the degree of architecture individuality and metropolis image, concrete exterior wall was non popular in the architecture design. Some inventive but frankly chilling signifiers of utmost urbanism were emerging as engineers invent constructs for of all time larger and more dumbly populated metropoliss like Hong Kong, but their signifier was merely for visual aspect and could non semiotically represent it ‘s map. With the building engineering developed, glass drape wall has become a necessary architecture design in the universe. Particularly the high-rise edifice and skyscraper all prefer to utilize the glass drape as the exterior wall. In Hong Kong, there are more than two thousand edifices that use the glass drape wall. However, there are some jobs to this architecture design particularly the light pollution which affects human life. The ornament of glass drape wall is like a elephantine glass mirror standing beside the street. This architecture design is really modern and beautiful, it could promote the city’s value and set it to a higher place. Some celebrated skyscrapers like International Finance Center, Central Plaza, Bank of China, The Center, Nina Tower etc. topographic point Hong Kong among the first metropoliss. But as the Hong Kong occupants mentioned, they do non prefer the edifice decorated with the glass drape wall merely, it is non healthy and causes many problems for the people who live inside and outside. The designer of Hung Hum Bay Campus attempted to dispute these conventional high rise edifices in Hong Kong, and to develop a new typology of high rise tower by interrupting down the elements in skyscrapers through deconstruction and reorganise it by his analysis, alternatively of merely utilizing glass drape walls to finish the design.The typical â€Å"Millennium† schoolsHong Kong was holding a bound of land, most of the land was in a incline and merely little figure of them are level. The population in Hong Kong requires a batch of institutional installations, therefore, it was wasteful and non easy to plan every school campus unambiguously. In the twelvemonth of 2000, most of the building of Hong Kong ‘s public schools were harmonizing to the authorities ‘s standard design, those campus called the criterion â€Å" millenary † schools, and this â€Å" criterion † besides reflects the changing of clip, turning of the importance of societal instruction. A typical â€Å" millenary † campus occupies six thousand square metres, with a sum of 30 criterion schoolrooms and 16 particular suites. in add-on to common music room or art room, the campuses besides provide information and engineering acquisition centres, linguistic communication acquisition room, etc. The pupil resort areas are at the land floor, staff suites are at the top ( 7th floor ) , and the criterion schoolrooms are separated separately. Although the installations of the â€Å" millenary † campus were doubtless more comprehensive than in the yesteryear, it ‘s basically was still a â€Å" shaped â€Å" design, it reflected the inflexibleness of â€Å" shaped â€Å" instruction in Hong Kong. Mr. Patrick Lau, the caput of Hong Kong architectural, appraising and urban Planning section who has been involved in a figure of international schools edifices, said that an designer should understand the demand of infinite, educational doctrine and learning methods of the school in order to plan a corresponding campus for the school.The designer of Hung Hom Bay Campus of Hong Kong Community College had questioned about the ground of utilizing â€Å" millenary † design. Since the authorities said it was convenience, and it can accommodate every schools. But it had really affected the instruction policy which both the building of the campus and the survey classs are â€Å" shaped â€Å" . Although the standard â€Å" millenary † campus allowed School patronizing organic structures to affect in the design, the result were still stereotyped, and the designs did n't let pupils to interact since the resort areas, schoolrooms, activities suites and staff suites are seperat ed. So the designer of Hung Hom Bay Campus ( HKCC ) broke down and reorganized the points and maps of the traditional â€Å"Millennium† campus and worked out the new design.Polytechnic University SemioticsHong Kong Community College is a subdivision of Hong Kong Polytechnic University, to analyze how the Hung Hom Bay Campus ( HKCC ) to be semiotically acknowledging and stand foring Polytechnic University, this paper surveies the semiologies of other campus of Polytechnic University.MAIN CAMPUS:The chief campus was the earliest reinforced campus of Polytechnic University, it was situated in the denseness metropolis of Hong Kong, the series of edifices were designed in simple regular forms and cylinders, no curves or irregular form was in the signifier of the edifices. They are all appeared in ruddy bricks lift, it was an alone and representative acknowledgment for Polytechnic University. Stripe patterns besides appeared on it ‘s facade design as a acknowledgment.West Kow loon Campus ( HKCC ) :West Kowloon Campus was another campus of Hong Kong Community College, both Hung Hom bay campus and it were designed in simple rectangular boxes faculties and applied solid and nothingness in the design while West Kowloon Campus was seting rectangular blocks together, and Hung Hom bay campus was undermining rectangular nothingnesss out ; they were both seting the gardens in the air which exposed to the lifts.Discussion Deconstruction means anti-structure, to defuse the nucleus of the construction ; which is characterized by anti-centrality, anti-dualistic resistance and anti-authority. The design of the Hung Hom Bay Campus of Hong Kong Community College had semiotically defused the definition of a high rise tower, there was no Manichaean resistance significances between the plan of the design, different installations can be connected to portion. The designer had understood the educational doctrine and learning method of the Hong Kong Community College before the beginning of the design, he studied and referenced the learning methods in American instruction, which accent on unfastened look, esteeming the pupil ‘s thoughts, and to mix with the relationship of instructor and pupils. The design of the campus besides provided more infinites for pupils to sit down to chew the fat with the instructors. This paper will discourse the significance of it ‘s spacial agreement, the semiotic of it ‘s lifts and the signifier, the representation and semiotical significance of it ‘s material, in order to happen out how the edifice still be able to understand as a campus, and stand foring Hong Kong Polytechnic University through deconstruction. It can be perceived from the exterior lifts of the campus, a uninterrupted spiral concatenation of communal sky gardens along the tower block fringe was widening from the lower land floor to the seventeenth floor, they created loosen uping and pleasant infinites, which can be semiotically understood as a topographic point for larning. Alternatively of those, the agreement of the sky gardens besides re-interpretated the designer ‘s apprehension of out-of-door acquisition infinites and public infinites. Growthing workss on the sky gardens can be used as afforestation and enhanced sunlight acquiring in, a batch of afforestation embodies greening consequence and on the other manus brought out a feeling of daze and wonderful. Meaning of Space Throughout the deconstruction took topographic point in the design procedure, the Hung Hom Bay Campus of Hong Kong Community College provided new significances to the institutional edifice by spacial agreements. The designers of Hung Hom Bay Campus ( HKCC ) , AD+RG ( Architecture Design and Research Group ) , had created a modular planning design for the edifice, they developed a flexible â€Å"modular system of spacial combination† in the design, it was capable of future transmutation to ease the demand of adaptability or flexibleness. The premises target to provide of all time altering learning demands in hereafter every bit good as developing engineerings. In order to use a upper limit of available infinites above a limited country of land, Hung Hom Bay Campus ( HKCC ) had designed a new spacial layout, it broke down the conventional resort areas or gardens on the land floor, and put them onto the tower to do it go sky gardens. Then insert popular assemblage activities adjacent to the gardens such as canteen, Student Union installations, etc. , in order to convey the popularity together to the upper steps of the campus efficaciously, which could follow the architectural design construct of perpendicular development. In add-on, the sky gardens on the edifice was non merely for making an ideal environment for the campus, it encouraged pupils to be inaugural to larn, besides heighten the pupil ‘s sense of belonging, and even made it a good topographic point for pupils treatment and to interchange their cognition. The campus design had made good usage of spacial layout, it used high rise building for perpendicular development, roof gardens was set nearby the populace installations such as schoolrooms, canteen, coffeehouse and library, unlike the criterion â€Å" millenary † campuses which the installations were separated without any connexions and interactions, it provided a new visual aspect for higher instruction establishments. In order to forestall congestions and holds occurs at the lift anterooms and chief entrywaies in this multi storey high rise campus at the extremum times, therefore, the spacial agreement, distribution and place of lifts, and escalators had item considerated when planing the edifice. All major talk suites were located at the lower block beside the platform, it can assist pupils get away efficaciously. Classrooms and installations for staffs was situated environing the public infinites, it means the designers encourage the communicating between instructors and pupils. Two big places were peculiar featured on the land floor and 4th floor as chief outdoor activities infinites, with the talk theatres, pupil brotherhood activity Centre, and providing countries environing, increased the Cohesiveness of the place. Elevation semiologies The coiling communal infinite organisation in the modular lift design was articulated by square shaped be aftering faculties to fit the communal infinite organisation and enhance air flow across the edifice mass. The design had integrated verdure into the lifts, characteristic trees and thenars were located at the semi unfastened communal infinites to heighten natural airing and besides as a focal point to make a alone landmark for orientation. The frontage design besides complied the semiotic characteristics of the chief campus of Polytechnic University, which stripe forms was applied to the exterior lift design of the solid parts as a acknowledgment of campus of the university. Semioticss of Form Unlike other modern-day high rise edifices or skyscrapers, the signifier of the Hung Hom Bay Campus ( HKCC ) was non merely designed for overdone or unnatural to pull attendings, it composes of assorted learning blocks stacked spirally in the air, which are separated with sky gardens at different degrees. The uninterrupted spiral concatenation of communal sky gardens could be perceived along the tower block fringe widening from the lower-ground floor to the upper-most floors. The gardens enrich the edifice lift with a natural, pleasant environment and aid to make a different unfastened acquisition and communal environment. In order to do good usage of all available infinites within a limited land, the Hung Hom Bay Campus ( HKCC ) was composted with a lower platform and a high rise tower connecting by lifts at the centre of the edifice, it provided the natural airing and allowed adequate sunshine or daytime traveling into interior on the one manus, it could besides forestall the next edifices barricading the position of the architecture. The indoor garden without glass drape wall enhanced the interior position and permeableness. By seting sky gardens into different floors and places, beside supplying public acquisition infinites for pupils and instructors of the college, the semi unfastened sky gardens besides made the campus semiotically became an alone landmark in the metropolis. The public green place located at land floor and 4th floor were the nodes of the campus, achieved the organic combination of both unreal afforestation and natural ecology. The workss growing on the sky gardens were non merely for afforestation, in add-on, they were allowing Sun visible radiations get into the inside and supplying a natural and peaceable ambiance for survey. It had complied greening consequence to the perpendicular development of institutional edifice, provided much fresh air to the inside, and even provided a comfy ocular enjoyment for pupils, instructors, and other users. Material representation The material choice of the Hung Hom Bay Campus ( HKCC ) had been through a careful consideration, in order to accomplish a entity and crystalline ocular contrast between the solid and nothingnesss of the campus. The lift attempted to utilize two different stuffs, high transparence glass walls and the extremely entity traditional ruby colored bricks of Polytechnic University, which did non merely created different transparences, but besides benefits to command the strength of sunlight entries alternatively of merely utilizing â€Å" beautiful and modern † drape walls. Decision It was concluded that the Hung Hom Bay Campus of Hong Kong Community College can be semiotically understood as a new type of high rise institutional tower through deconstruction, and it can be easy recognized as a campus of Polytechnic University in consequence. The design broke down the elements of modern-day skyscrapers and high rise edifices and the conventional standard typical â€Å" millenary â€Å" schools campuses which was popular in Hong Kong through deconstruction. After analysis and reorganise those elements, the signifier of the edifice can still pull attendings from public, but it was in a simple manner but non in exaggerate or unnatural irregular forms ; schoolroom, staff room, gardens and resort areas still exists in the new campus, but became everyplace and synergistic, it provides a pleasant ambiance for both the users and the edifice lifts, which made the edifice semiotically understood as a campus for acquisition ; the traditional ruby colored bricks of Polytechnic University and the modern glass drape walls had still used, but they were looking in matching places, it enhanced the entity and crystalline ocular contrast between the solid and nothingnesss in add-on. The chief construct of Hung Hom Bay Campus of Hong Kong Community college was to bring forth an alone landmark of green edifice and present a new type of high rise institutional edifice through deconstruction, it was to the full demonstrated that a high rise building can still be successfully integrated with the elements of natural environment in a metropolis with extremist denseness. The campus shows the multiple benefits of a high rise green tower. This design non merely heighten the public presentation of the edifice and bettering the environmental comfort, on the other manus it provided a greening consequence as an oasis to the complex urban environment in Hong Kong. The advanced design uniting with the environmental mark of the undertaking was effectual and resulted as a favourable consequence. As a public architecture, the semi unfastened sky gardens and green place provided an Significant, impressive and gratifying green infinite in the metropolis. BibliographyKate Nesbitt. Speculating a New Agenda for Architecture: An Anthology of Architectural Theory 1965 – 1995. Princeton Architectural Press. 1 Mar 1996Mallgrave, Harry Francis. An Introduction to Architectural Theory: 1968 to the Present. Wiley-Blackwell. 2011What is post-modernism Website, hypertext transfer protocol: //home.educities.edu.tw/tsuiyh/go/ depo01007.html ( Sourced 5th October, 2014 )Peter Chow.Green Building Case Study.( 2011 ) BEAM Society: Hong KongBernard V. Lim JP.The Hong Kong Community College.( 2009 ) The Hong Kong Institute of Facility Management: Hong KongLin Yunfeng.Urbanism and Architecture| Works of design.( 2009 ) AD+AG Ltd. : Hong KongLiu Wen Tao.Compare the difference of architecture design in Hong Kong and Penang.( 2014 ) University sains Malaysia: PenangZhang Weiping.City in Extreme—As the Prototype of † Asiatic Congestion Culture †.( 2007 ) World ArchitectureAD+AG Website, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.adrg.com.h k/magamedia.html ( Sourced 7th October, 2014 )College of Professionals and Continuing Educations Website, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cpce – polyu.edu.hk/cpce/content.php? cms=905 ( Sourced 7th October, 2014 )

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